Table of Contents
ലോക ബഹിരാകാശ ഏജൻസികൾ
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NASA, ISRO, CNSA, റോസ്കോസ്മോസ്, ESA തുടങ്ങിയ ലോക ബഹിരാകാശ ഏജൻസികൾ ബഹിരാകാശ പര്യവേക്ഷണവും സാങ്കേതികവിദ്യയും വികസിപ്പിക്കുന്നതിൽ പ്രധാന പങ്കുവഹിക്കുന്നു.
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ഈ ഏജൻസികൾ ചന്ദ്രൻ ലാൻഡിംഗുകൾ, ചൊവ്വ ദൗത്യങ്ങൾ, ഉപഗ്രഹ വിക്ഷേപണങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുൾപ്പെടെ സുപ്രധാന നാഴികക്കല്ലുകൾ നേടിയിട്ടുണ്ട്, ഇത് പ്രപഞ്ചത്തെക്കുറിച്ചുള്ള മനുഷ്യരാശിയുടെ ഗ്രാഹ്യത്തെ വികസിപ്പിക്കുന്നു.
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NASA, അതിൻ്റെ വിപുലമായ ബജറ്റ്, അപ്പോളോ ദൗത്യങ്ങൾക്കും ഹബിൾ ബഹിരാകാശ ദൂരദർശിനിക്കും പേരുകേട്ടതാണ്.
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ISRO അതിൻ്റെ ചെലവ് കുറഞ്ഞ ദൗത്യങ്ങൾക്കും ചന്ദ്രനിൽ വെള്ളം കണ്ടെത്തുന്നത് പോലെയുള്ള ശ്രദ്ധേയമായ നേട്ടങ്ങൾക്കും വേറിട്ടുനിൽക്കുന്നു.
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CNSAയുടെ ചാന്ദ്ര പര്യവേക്ഷണ ദൗത്യങ്ങളും റോസ്കോസ്മോസിൻ്റെ ബഹിരാകാശ ഗവേഷണത്തിൻ്റെ തുടക്കവും കാര്യമായ സംഭാവനകൾ നൽകിയിട്ടുണ്ട്.
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ബഹിരാകാശ പര്യവേക്ഷണം, നവീകരണത്തിന് നേതൃത്വം നൽകൽ, ഭാവിതലമുറയെ പ്രചോദിപ്പിക്കൽ എന്നിവയിലെ അന്തർദേശീയ സഹകരണത്തിന് ESA-യുടെ സഹകരണ ശ്രമങ്ങൾ ഉദാഹരണമാണ്.
ലോകത്തിലെ ഏറ്റവും മികച്ച 10 ബഹിരാകാശ ഏജൻസികൾ
Rank |
Space Agency |
Country |
Established |
Key Achievements |
Notable Missions/Programs |
Annual Budget |
1 |
NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) |
USA |
1958 |
First man on the moon, exploration of undiscovered planets, extensive space research |
Hubble Space Telescope, Viking 1, Chandra X-ray Observatory, Voyager 1 & 2, Skylab, Apollo |
$22.6 billion |
2 |
ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) |
India |
1969 |
Discovered water on the moon, record for launching 104 satellites, first Mars mission on first attempt |
Chandrayaan 1, PSLV-C37, Mangalyaan 1, Chandrayaan 3, Gaganayan |
$1.5 billion |
3 |
CNSA (China National Space Administration) |
China |
1993 |
Soft landing on the moon, sent numerous satellites and astronauts, future missions planned for Jupiter and Saturn |
Tiangong-1, Chang’e 3 |
$8.9 billion |
4 |
RFSA (Russian Federal Space Agency, Roscosmos) |
Russia |
1992 |
First animals and female astronaut in space, first moon soil sample, successful missions like Sputnik-1 and Luna 1 |
ExoMars (with ESA), GLONASS |
$3.37 billion |
5 |
ESA (European Space Agency) |
Multi-national (Europe) |
1975 |
Venus mission, exploration of exoplanets, space junk collector mission planned |
Venus Express, Rosetta, Mars missions, Corot space telescope, Ariel Space Mission, ClearSpace-1 |
$7.43 billion |
6 |
JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) |
Japan |
2003 |
Hayabusa missions to study asteroids, human-robot moon mission in progress |
Hayabusa 1 & 2 |
$2.6 billion |
7 |
SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corporation) |
USA |
2002 |
Reusable rockets, record of launching 143 satellites, cost reduction in space travel |
Falcon 9, Starship rocket mission |
– (private funding) |
8 |
CNES (National Centre for Space Studies) |
France |
1961 |
Best aerospace training, collaboration with other agencies, climate change studies |
Megha-Tropiques (with ISRO), methane-powered reusable launch vehicle project |
$2.43 billion |
9 |
DLR (German Aerospace Center) |
Germany |
1969 |
Research in renewable energy, satellite development, propulsion technology |
Mars Express, Galileo, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission |
$2.55 billion |
10 |
ASI (Italian Space Agency) |
Italy |
1988 |
Collaboration in major space exploration projects, satellite launches |
BeppoSAX, Mars Express, Venus Express, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Juno, Cassini-Huygens, XMM-Newton, Arian 5 (with ESA) |
$2.1 billion |
ലോക ബഹിരാകാശ ഏജൻസികളുടെ പട്ടിക
Acronym |
Name |
Country |
21AT |
Twenty First Century Aerospace Technology Co. Ltd |
China |
ABAE |
Agencia Bolivariana para Actividades Espaciales |
Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of |
ACE |
Agencia Chilena del Espacio |
Chile |
AEB |
Agência Espacial Brasileira |
Brazil |
AFRL |
Air Force Research Laboratory |
United States of America |
Airbus |
Airbus Defence and Space |
France |
ASAL |
Agence Spatial Algerienne |
Algeria |
ASI |
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (Italy) |
Italy |
BIRA |
Belgisch Instituut voor Ruimte-Aëronomie |
Belgium |
BSG |
BlackSky Global |
United States of America |
Capella |
Capella Space |
United States of America |
CAS |
Chinese Academy of Sciences |
China |
CASC |
Chinese Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation |
China |
CASIC |
China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation |
China |
CAST |
Chinese Academy of Space Technology |
China |
CDTI |
Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial (Spain) |
Spain |
CMA |
China Meteorological Administration (China) |
China |
CNES |
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (France) |
France |
CNSA |
China National Space Administration |
China |
CONAE |
Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales |
Argentina |
CONIDA |
Agencia Espacial del Perù |
Peru |
CRESDA |
China Center for Resources Satellite Data and Application |
China |
CRTS |
Centre Royal de Télédétection Spatiale |
Morocco |
CSA |
Canadian Space Agency (Canada) |
Canada |
DigitalGlobe |
DigitalGlobe |
United States of America |
DLR |
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (Germany) |
Germany |
DNSC |
Danish National Space Center |
Denmark |
DoD |
Department of Defense (United States) |
United States of America |
EC |
European Commission (Europe) |
Europe |
ECMWF |
European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts |
Europe |
EGEOS |
E-GEOS |
Italy |
EIAST |
Emirates Institute for Advanced Science and Technology |
United Arab Emirates |
EIRSAT |
Educational Irish Research Satellite |
Ireland |
ELDO |
European Launcher Development Organisation |
Europe |
EOTPO |
Earth Observation Technologies Promotion Organization |
China |
ESA |
European Space Agency |
Europe |
EST |
Estonian Space Office |
Estonia |
EUMETSAT |
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites |
Europe |
FAAM |
Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements |
United Kingdom |
FGS |
Finnish Geospatial Research Institute |
Finland |
GISTDA |
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency |
Thailand |
GISTDA |
Geo-Informatics and Space Technology Development Agency |
Thailand |
GSI |
Geographical Survey Institute (Japan) |
Japan |
HISDESAT |
Hisdesat |
Spain |
ICEYE |
ICEYE |
Finland |
IKULIB |
Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México |
Mexico |
ILAUNAM |
Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales |
Mexico |
INEGI |
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía |
Mexico |
INPE |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil) |
Brazil |
IPSP |
Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia |
Mexico |
IRSA |
Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
China |
ISRO |
Indian Space Research Organisation |
India |
ISRO |
Indian Space Research Organisation (India) |
India |
ITCG |
Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Guzmán |
Mexico |
JAXA |
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
Japan |
KARI |
Korea Aerospace Research Institute (Korea, Republic of) |
Korea, Republic of |
KSAT |
Kongsberg Satellite Services |
Norway |
KSRS |
Korea Space Research Society |
Korea, Republic of |
LSA |
Luxembourg Space Agency |
Luxembourg |
MAXAR |
Maxar Technologies Inc. |
United States of America |
MEXT |
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology |
Japan |
MSA |
Malaysian Space Agency |
Malaysia |
NASRDA |
Nigerian Space Research and Development Agency |
Nigeria |
NASA |
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (United States) |
United States of America |
NIES |
National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan) |
Japan |
NISAR |
NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar |
United States of America/India |
NOAA |
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (United States) |
United States of America |
NRSC |
National Remote Sensing Centre (India) |
India |
PSMA |
PSMA Australia |
Australia |
Roscosmos |
Russian Federal Space Agency |
Russia |
SANSA |
South African National Space Agency |
South Africa |
SATL |
Satlantis |
Spain |
SBSTA |
Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice |
Germany |
SDC |
Space Dynamics Corporation |
United States of America |
SGAC |
Space Generation Advisory Council |
Austria |
SGI |
Space Generation Initiative |
Germany |
Spire |
Spire Global Inc. |
United States of America |
SSAU |
State Space Agency of Ukraine |
Ukraine |
SUPARCO |
Space & Upper Atmosphere Research Commission |
Pakistan |
UKSA |
United Kingdom Space Agency |
United Kingdom |
UNSPIDER |
United Nations Platform for Space-based Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response |
United States of America |
USGS |
United States Geological Survey (United States) |
United States of America |
WB |
World Bank |
International |
WHO |
World Health Organisation |
International |
WMO |
World Meteorological Organisation (International) |
International |
ZARM |
Center for Applied Space Technology and Microgravity |
Germany |
4INFO |
4INFO |
Belgium |
AIRC |
Australia-India Research Centre |
Australia |
ALPHA |
Alpha Collaboratory |
United States of America |
ASAP |
American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing |
United States of America |
BESA |
Belgian Earth Science Association |
Belgium |
CNES |
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales |
France |
CRECTEALC |
Centre for Space Science and Technology Education for Latin America and the Caribbean |
Mexico |
CSIRO |
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation |
Australia |
DARPA |
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency |
United States of America |
DARA |
Deutsche Forschungsanstalt für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) |
Germany |
DTU |
Danmarks Tekniske Universitet |
Denmark |
ESA |
European Space Agency |
Europe |
FGS |
Finnish Geodetic Institute |
Finland |
GSI |
Geographical Survey Institute (Japan) |
Japan |
IIRS |
Indian Institute of Remote Sensing |
India |
INPE |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (Brazil) |
Brazil |
ITU |
International Telecommunication Union (International) |
International |
JAXA |
Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency |
Japan |
MDA |
MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates Ltd. |
Canada |
NASDA |
National Space Development Agency of Japan |
Japan |
NIES |
National Institute for Environmental Studies (Japan) |
Japan |
SANSA |
South African National Space Agency |
South Africa |
USGS |
United States Geological Survey (United States) |
United States of America |
Read More: Top MCQs with answer on World Space Agencies
കേരളത്തിലെ എല്ലാ മത്സര പരീക്ഷകൾക്കും ഓൺലൈൻ ക്ലാസുകൾ, വീഡിയോ കോഴ്സുകൾ, ടെസ്റ്റ് സീരീസ്, പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ, മറ്റ് പഠന സാമഗ്രികൾ എന്നിവ ചുവടെ നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന ലിങ്കിൽ ക്ലിക്കുചെയ്ത് കണ്ടെത്താനാകും.
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