The shape of manufacturing 3.0 for Modi 3.0

What is the current state of manufacturing in India, and why is it important?

Manufacturing has declined to 13% of GDP in 2022, down from 15% in 2014.
This is lower than comparable markets like Vietnam (25%), Bangladesh (22%), and China (28%).
Improving manufacturing is crucial for:
- Creating employment for workers transitioning out of agriculture
- Reducing India’s goods trade deficit (currently $250 billion)
- Enhancing national security capabilities
- Strengthening India’s role in global supply chains

What are the challenges in improving India’s manufacturing sector?

Most factors of production (power, water, labor regulations, land acquisition) are controlled by state governments, not the central government.
The central government’s efforts to encourage competition among states have fallen short:
- Business Reforms Action Plan (BRAP) rankings haven’t been updated since COVID-19
- Model industry laws for states have been underwhelming
Focus has been on capital-intensive sectors rather than job-creating manufacturing sectors
Access to finance: Limited availability of long-term, low-cost capital for manufacturing projects, Complex lending processes for small and medium enterprises (SMEs)
Technological lag: Slow adoption of advanced manufacturing technologies, Limited investment in research and development
Global competition: Intense competition from countries with lower production costs, Challenges in meeting international quality standards
Environmental concerns: Balancing industrial growth with environmental protection, Implementing sustainable manufacturing practices
Supply chain inefficiencies: Fragmented supplier base, Logistics challenges in reaching remote markets
Limited scale of operations: Predominance of small-scale industries with limited economies of scale, difficulties in achieving global competitiveness

What steps should the new Indian government take to boost manufacturing?

Provide more policy attention to state-level factors affecting manufacturing
Develop an improved toolkit of incentives and penalties to encourage states to focus on industrial policies
Emphasize job-creating manufacturing sectors like textiles, paper mills, and furniture
Update and improve the Business Reforms Action Plan (BRAP) rankings
Engage a wider set of large states beyond Delhi-Mumbai-Bengaluru circuit

How can the United States support India’s manufacturing goals?

Expand engagement with Indian states to provide guidance on economic governance
Improve pathways for potential U.S. investors to engage with state governments
Senior U.S. officials should visit and engage with a wider set of Indian states
Support India’s emerging role in regional security through improved industrial capabilities
Encourage manufacturing in India to improve the viability of U.S. supply chains

Can you answer the following question?

Despite various initiatives, India’s manufacturing sector has not achieved its targeted growth and continues to face multiple challenges. Critically examine the reasons for this underperformance and suggest comprehensive measures to boost India’s manufacturing capabilities.

A new trend – Terrorism in state of J&K

What is the current security situation in Jammu and Kashmir, particularly in the Jammu region?

Recent terrorist attack killed five Indian Army personnel in Badnota village, Jammu
Fourth terror incident in the state within 48 hours
Trend of terrorism shifting towards the Rajouri-Poonch area in Jammu. This region was quiet for over two decades after being brought under control in early 2000s

What are the key factors contributing to the recent uptick in terrorist activities?

Redeployment of troops to the Line of Actual Control in Eastern Ladakh, creating a vacuum
Gap in local intelligence
Increased use of modern technology by terrorist groups
Damaged trust between local population and the state due to botched-up security operations
Shift towards pushing local militants to the forefront, giving insurgency a home-grown face
Emergence of new terror groups

How has the nature of terrorism changed in the region?

Shift from foreign terrorists crossing the LoC to local militants leading attacks
Terrorism moving from Kashmir to the Jammu region, particularly Rajouri-Poonch area
Increased targeting of civilians, including pilgrims
Use of modern technology for planning and execution of attacks
Emergence of new terror groups claiming responsibility for attacks

What measures are suggested to address the security challenges?

Stricter adherence to standard operating procedures by security forces
Improved operations to prevent ambushes and casualties
Multi-layered strategy beyond just augmenting troop levels
Quick and decisive action at the highest levels of government
Bringing in all stakeholders to address the situation
Addressing the intelligence gap and rebuilding trust with local population

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