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English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 2: Tenses and Types of Tenses, Voice

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English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 2

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: English Grammar is the most important subject for most Competitive Exams. The term, tense, has been derived from the Latin word tempus! meaning time. “since there are many ways in which we express the time of action, we use tenses. There are three main tenses, past tense, present tense and future tense. Also, Voice is a linguistic tool used to convey how verbs depict whether the subject is performing an action or the action is being done to the subject. In this article you will get detailed information about Tense and Voice in English Grammar

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English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Overview

This article provides you with complete information about Tense and Voice in English grammar which will be useful for you in the upcoming Talathi Bharti 2023, ZP Bharti 2023, Nagar Parishad Bharti 2023, and all other competitive exams.

English Grammar for Competitive Exams
Category	Study Material
Useful for	All Competitive Exams
Subject	English Language
Name	English Grammar for Competitive Exams
Part	2
Content Covered	Tenses and Types of Tenses Active and Passive Voice

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 2

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 2: बऱ्याच स्पर्धा परीक्षेत इंग्लिश हा विषय असतोच. इंग्लिश विषयात जास्तकरून इंग्लिश ग्रामर वर प्रश्न विचारले जातात. महाराष्ट्रातील आगामी काळातील सरळसेवा भरती जसे की, जिल्हा परिषद भरती 2023, आरोग्य विभाग भरती 2023, राज्य उत्पादन शुल्क भरती 2023 आणि आणि इतर स्पर्धा परीक्षांमध्ये इंग्लिश विषयाला फार महत्व आहे. इंग्लिश ग्रामर च्या दररोजच्या सरावाने पेपरमध्ये इंग्लिश विषयात आपल्याला चांगले गुण मिळवू शकतात. याआधी आपण English Grammar for Competitive Exams च्या भाग 1 मध्ये आपण Part of Speech च्या आठ जाती (Parts) व त्याचे उपप्रकार पहिले. आज आपण या लेखात काळ व त्यांचे प्रकार (Tenses and Types of Tenses), आणि प्रयोग (Voice) व Active Voice चे Passive Voice रुपांतर कसे करावे हे पाहणार आहोत.

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 2 | स्पर्धा परीक्षांसाठी इंग्लिश ग्रामर: भाग 2

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Part 2: इंग्लिश ही एक सार्वत्रिक भाषा आहे. जी विविध देशातील व देशान्तर्गत लोकांना संपर्क साधण्यास आणि संभाषण सुरू ठेवण्यास मदत करते. लिखित इंग्रजीच्या मुख्य पैलूंपैकी एक म्हणजे English Grammar. व्याकरण योग्य असेल तेव्हाच वाक्यांना अर्थ मिळेल. भाषेत व्याकरणाचे महत्त्व जाणणे आवश्यक आहे. इंग्लिश भाषेचे विविध पैलू समजून घ्यायचे असल्यास आपल्याला English Grammar मदत करते. English Grammar अधिक चांगले करण्यासाठी प्रत्येकाला याचा अभ्यास असणे आवश्यक आहे.

Grammar: The rules of a language, for example for forming words or joining words together in sentences.

English Grammar for Competitive Exams Part 1

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Tense and Types of Tenses

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Tense and Types of Tenses (काळ व काळाचे प्रकार): कुठल्याही स्पर्धा परीक्षेत सर्वात जास्त विचारल्या जाणारा इंग्लिश ग्रामर मधील घटक म्हणजे काळ व काळाचे प्रकार यावर परीक्षेत हमखास प्रश्न येतोच. खाली काळ म्हणजे काय व काळाचे प्रकार दिलेले आहे.

Tense is the form of a verb that shows when something happened, is happening or is going to happen. (काळ हे क्रियापदाचे असे स्वरूप आहे जे काही घडले, घडत आहे किंवा घडणार आहे हे दर्शवते.)

Types of Tenses with Structural Formula

तक्त्यात S- Subject, O- Object, V1- क्रियापदाचे पहिले रूप, V2- क्रियापदाचे दुसरे रूप, V3- क्रियापदाचे तिसरे रूप, Ving म्हणजे V+ing (eat+ing=eating) असे घ्यावे.

Tenses	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	S+V1+O	S+ am/is/are+ Ving+ O	S+ have/has + V3+ O	S+ have/has + been+ Ving+ O
Past	S+V2+O	S+ was/were + Ving+ O	S+ had + V3+ O	S+ had + been+ Ving+ O
Future	S+ shall/will + V1+O	S+ shall/will + be+ Ving +O	S+ shall/will + have+ V3 + O	S+ shall/will + have+ been + Ving + O

खालील तक्त्यात Signal words, Use, Form, Affirmative, Negative, Interrogative वाक्य दिलेले आहेत.

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Simple Present	Everyday Sometimes Always Often Usually Seldom Never First …. then	Something that happens Repeatedly how often Follow another things in general with the Follow verbs (to love, to ) Hate, to think etc.	Infinitive he/she/it + -s	I work. He works. I go. He goes.	I don’t work. He doesn’t work. I don’t go. He doesn’t go.	Do I work? Does he work? Do I go? Does he go?
Present Progressive	now at the moment Look! Listen!	Something is happening at the same time of speaking or around it Future meaning: when you have already decided and arranged to do it (a fixed plan, date)	To be (am /are/ is) + Infinitive + ing .	I’m working. He’s working. I’m going. He’s going.	I’m not working. He isn’t working. I’m not going. He isn’t going.	Am I working? Is he working? Am I going? Is he going?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Simple Past	Last… … ago in 1990	The action took place in the past, mostly connected with an expression of time (no connection to the present)	Regular : Infinitive + – ed Irregular: 2. Spalte	I worked. He worked. I went.	I didn’t work. He didn’t work. I didn’t go.	Did I work? Did he work ? Did I go?
Simple Past	Yesterday			He went.	He didn’t go.	Did he go?
Past Progressive	While	An action happened in the middle of another action. Someone was doing something at a certain time (in the past) – you don’t know whether it was finished or not	Was / were + infinitive + – ing	I was working. He was working. I was working. He was going.	I wasn’t working. He wasn’t working. I wasn’t going. He wasn’t going.	Was I working? Was he working? Was I going? Was he going?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Simple Present Perfect	Just yet Never ever Already so far, up to now, For recently	You say that, has happened or is finished in the past and it has a connection to the present The action started in the past and continues up to the present.	Have / has + past participle* (infinitive + -ed) or (3^rd column of the table of irregular verbs)	I have worked. He has worked. I have gone. He has gone.	I haven’t worked. He hasn’t worked. I haven’t gone. He hasn’t gone.	Have I worked? Has he worked? Have I gone? Has he gone?
Present Perfect Progressive	All-day The whole day How long Since For	The action began in the past and has just stopped How long the action has been happening Emphasis: length of time of an action	Have / has + been + infinitive + -ing.	I have been working. He has been working. I have been going. He has been working.	I haven’t been working. He hasn’t been working. I haven’t been going. He hasn’t been going.	Have I been working? Has he been working? Have I been going? Has he been going?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Simple past perfect	Already just never	Mostly when two actions in a story are related to each other: the action which has already happened is put into past perfect, the other action into simple past The past of the present perfect	Had + past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3^rd column of the table of the irregular verb)	I had worked. He had worked. I had gone. He had gone.	I hadn’t worked. He hadn’t worked. I hadn’t gone. He hadn’t gone.	Had I worked? Had he worked? Had I gone? Had he gone?
Past Perfect Progressive	How long since for	How long something had been happening before something else happened	Had + been + Infinitive + ing	I had been working. He had been working. I had been going. He had been going.	I hadn’t been working. H hadn’t been working. I hadn’t been going. He hadn’t been going.	Had I been working? Had he been working? Had I been going? Had he been going?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Will – future		Predictions about the future (you think that sth will happen) You decided to do sth. spontaneously at the time of speaking, you haven’t made the main clause in type I of the if clauses	Will + infinitive	I’ll work. He’ll work. I’ll go. He’ll go.	I won’t work. He won’t work. I won’t go. He won’t go.	Will I work? Will he work? Will I go? Will he go?
Going to – future		When you have already decided to do. In the future What do you think will happen	Be (am / are / is) + going to + Infinitive	I’m going to work. He’s going to work. I’m going to go. He’s going to go.	I’m not going to work. He’s not going to work. I’m not going to go. He’s not going to go.	Am I going to work? Is he going to work? Am I going to go? Am I going to go? Is he going to go?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Future progressive		An action will be in progress at a certain time in the future. This action has begun before a certain time. Something happens because it normally happens.	Will + be + infinitive + ing.	I’ll be working. He’ll be working. I’ll be going. He’ll be going.	I won’t be working. He won’t be working. I won’t be going. He won’t be going.	Will I be working? Will he be working? Will I be going? Will be going?
Future perfect simple		Sth will already have happened before a certain time in the future	Will + have + past participle* *(infinitive + -ed) or (3^rd column of the table of irregular verbs)	I’ll have worked. He’ll have worked. I’ll have gone. He’ll have gone.	I won’t have worked. He won’t have worked. I won’t have gone. He won’t have gone.	Will I have worked? Will he have worked? Will I have gone? Will he have gone?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Future perfect progressive		Sth. will already have happened before a certain time in the future Emphasis: length of time of an action	Will + have + been + infinitive + ing	I’ll have been working. He’ll have been working. I’ll have been going. He’ll have been going	I won’t have been working. He won’t have been working. I won’t have been going. He won’t have been going.	Will I have been working? Will he have been working? Will I have been working? Will he have been working?
Condition Simple		Sth. that might happen Main clause in type II of the If clause.	Would + infinitive	I would work. He would work. I would go. He would go.	I wouldn’t work. He wouldn’t work. I wouldn’t go. He wouldn’t go.	Would I work? Would he work? Would I work? Would he work?
Conditional progressive		Sth. that might happen Emphasis: length of time of an action	Would + be + infinitive + ing.	I would be working. He would be working. I would be going. He would be going.	I wouldn’t be working. He wouldn’t be working. I wouldn’t be going. He wouldn’t be going	Would I be working? Would he be working? Would I be going? Would he be going?

Tense	Signal words	Use	Form	Example affirmative	Examples negative	Examples interrogative
Conditional Perfect		Sth that might have happened in the past (it’s too late now) Main clause in type III of the if-clauses.	Would + have + past participle* *(infinitive + -ed ) or (3^rd column of the table of irregular verbs)	I would have worked. He would have worked. I would have gone. He would have gone.	I wouldn’t have worked. He wouldn’t have worked. I wouldn’t have gone. He wouldn’t have gone	Would I have worked? Would he have worked? Would I have gone? Would he have gone?
Conditional Perfect Progressive		Sth. that might have happened in the past (It’s too late now.) Emphasis: length of time of an action	Would + have + been + infinitive + ing	I would have been working. He would have been going. I would have been going. He would have been going.	I wouldn’t have been working. He wouldn’t have been going. I wouldn’t have been going. He wouldn’t have been going.	Would I have been working? Would he have been working? Would I have been going? Would he have been going?

Tense

Signal words

Use

Form

Example affirmative

Examples negative

Examples interrogative

Conditional Perfect

Sth that might have happened in the past
(it’s too late now)
Main clause in type III of the if-clauses.

Would + have + past participle*
*(infinitive + -ed ) or (3^rd column of the table of irregular verbs)

I would have worked.
He would have worked.
I would have gone.
He would have gone.

I wouldn’t have worked.
He wouldn’t have worked.
I wouldn’t have gone.
He wouldn’t have gone

Would I have worked?
Would he have worked?
Would I have gone?
Would he have gone?

Conditional Perfect Progressive

Sth. that might have happened in the past
(It’s too late now.)
Emphasis: length of time of an action

Would + have + been + infinitive + ing

I would have been working.
He would have been going.
I would have been going.
He would have been going.

I wouldn’t have been working.
He wouldn’t have been going.
I wouldn’t have been going.
He wouldn’t have been going.

Would I have been working?

Would he have been working?

Would I have been going?

Would he have been going?

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Voice

English Grammar for Competitive Exams: Voice (प्रयोग): कर्च्यामाच्या संबंधात एखाद्या विषयाची क्रिया दोन प्रकारे व्यक्त होते. एखाद्या विषयाची क्रिया व्यक्त करण्याचे हे दोन मार्ग Voice म्हणून ओळखले जातात.

Voice, in grammar, is a form of a verb indicating the relation between the participants in a narrated event (subject, object) and the event itself.

A transitive verb has two forms or two voices. These are the Active and Passive.

Active Voice (कर्तरी प्रयोग): या वाक्यात कर्ता (Subject) महत्वाचा असून वाक्याची सुरवात कर्त्याने होते. examples. He played cricket.

Passive Voice (कर्मणी प्रयोग): या वाक्यात कर्म (Object) महत्वाचा असून वाक्याची सुरवात कर्माने होते.

Changing the voice from Active to Passive: Active Voice चे Passive Voice करतांना काही नियम आहे ते खालीलप्रमाणे

Rule No.1:
The structure of the sentence will be reversed in passive voice. The places of the subject and the object will interchange. The subject will shift to the place of the object and the object will take the place of the subject in Passive Voice.

Example:
Active Voice: he buys a camera.
Passive Voice: A camera is bought by him.

Rule No.2:
Only past participle form or 3rd form of the verb (.e.g. eaten etc.) will always be used as the main verb in Passive voices for all tenses. No other form of the verb will be used as the main verb.

Rule No.3:
The word “by” will be used before the subject in the passive voice.

Example:
Active Voice: She drinks water.
Passive Voice: Water is drunk by her.

Rule No.4:
Other words such as “with “or “to” may also be used instead of the word “by “depending upon the subject of the sentence. These words are used in a very few cases.

Example:
Active Voice: I know him.
Passive Voice: He is known to me.

Active Voice: Water fills a tub.
Passive Voice: A tub is filled with water.

Rule No.5:
The auxiliary verb will be changed in Passive Voice depending upon the tense of the sentence in its Active Voice.

Rule No.6:
Subject may not always mention in Passive Voice. Passive voice for some sentences can also be written without having a subject if it gives a clear idea about the subject.

Example:
Passive Voice: Women are not treated as equals.
Passive Voice: Sugar is sold in kilograms.

Active Voice चे Passive Voice करतांना काळामध्ये कसा बदल होतो ते खाली तक्त्यात दिले आहे. उदाहरणासाठी Keep या क्रियापद कसे बदलेल ते सांगितले आहे.

Tense	Active	Passive
Simple Present	Keep	Is Kept
Present Continuous	Is Keeping	Is Being Kept
Simple Past	Kept	Was Kept
Past Continuous	Was Keeping	Was being Kept
Present Perfect	Have Kept	Have Been Kept
Past perfect	Had Kept	Had Been Kept
Simple Future	Will Keep	Will Be Kept
Conditional Present	Would Keep	Would-Be Kept
Conditional Past	Would Have Kept	Would Have Been Kept
Present Infinitive	To Keep	To Be Kept
Perfect Infinitive	To Have Kept	To Have Been Kept
Present Participle	Keeping	Being Kept
Perfect Participle	Having Kept	Having Been Kept

English Grammar for Competitive Exams — Adda247 Marathi Telegram

Note: महाराष्ट्रातील सर्व स्पर्धा परीक्षांसाठी ऑनलाईन क्लास, व्हिडिओ कोर्स, टेस्ट सिरीज, पुस्तके आणि इतर अभ्यास साहित्य खाली दिलेल्या लिंक वर क्लिक करून मिळवा.

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Study Material for ZP Exam 2023 | जिल्हा परिषद परीक्षेसाठी उपयुक्त अभ्यास साहित्य

सरळ सेवा जसे कि तलाठी भरती 2023, कृषी विभाग भरती 2023, जिल्हा परिषद भरती 2023, राज्य उत्पादन शुल्क भरती 2023, वन विभाग भरती 2023 व इतर सर्व परीक्षेचा पेपर देणाऱ्या विद्यार्थ्यासाठी Adda247 मराठी आपणासाठी सर्व महत्वाच्या टॉपिक वर महत्वपूर्ण लेखमालिका प्रसिद्ध करणार आहे. त्याच्या सर्व लिंक तुम्ही खालील तक्त्यात पाहू शकता आणि दररोज यात भर पडणार आहे. त्यामुळे तुम्हाला या Adda 247 मराठीच्या लेखमालिकेचा नक्कीच फायदा होईल.

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