Addapedia Odisha | Daily Current Affairs | 6th September 2023 | Download PDF

Group of 20

Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States and the European Union.

• The G20 or Group of Twenty is an intergovernmental forum comprising 19 countries and the European Union (EU). 
• The G20 is composed of most of the world’s largest economies, including both industrialized and developing nations.
• G20 Grouping accounts for around 90% of gross world product (GWP), 75–80% of international trade, two-thirds of the global population, and roughly half the world’s land area.

Background:

• G20 was founded in 1999 in response to several world economic crises.
• Since 2008, it has convened at least once a year, with summits involving each member’s head of government or state, finance minister, foreign minister, and other high-ranking officials; the EU is represented by the European Commission and the European Central Bank.

• Because of recent SC hearings and verdict.
• Many petitions also challenged the Jammu and Kashmir State Reorganization Act, by which the state was bifurcated into two Union territories with effect from October 30, 2019. 

Background:

• On October 17, 1949, Article 370 was added to the Indian constitution.
• It was added as a ‘temporary provision‘, which exempted Jammu & Kashmir, permitting it to draft its own Constitution and restricting the Indian Parliament’s legislative powers in the state.
• It was introduced into the draft constitution by N Gopalaswami Ayyangar as Article 306 A.
• Under Article 370: The Constituent Assembly of Jammu & Kashmir was empowered to recommend which articles of the Indian Constitution should apply to the state,
• The J&K Constituent Assembly was dissolved after it drafted the state’s constitution. 
• Clause 3 of the article 370 gives the President of India the power to amend its provisions and scope and therefore in 2019, Article 370 was abrogated and J&K was given the status of UT with legislature.

• Nagarahole is an important Tiger Reserve in Karnataka and is a major hub of conservation under Project Tiger and Project Elephant.
• Nagarahole Tiger Reserve previously known as Rajiv Gandhi National Park was named after the river Nagarahole.
• This tiger reserve forms a critical connecting habitat for tigers and elephants to other areas of the Western Ghats through the Brahmagiri wildlife sanctuary and to the Eastern Ghats through the Bandipur Tiger reserve.
• Flora: It consists mainly of moist deciduous forests with predominating trees of teak and rosewood.
• Fauna: Tiger, Leopard Asiatic, Wild Dog, Sloth Bear, Asiatic Elephant, Gaur, Sambar Chital Muntjac, Four Horned Antelope etc.

Why in the news?

• Some bloc of West African countries is threatening to invade Niger.

New data for BRICS-

• BRICS now will have 46% of the world population
• Global GDP- 37%
• Global exports – 26.7%
• Global imports -22%
• Oil production -42%

• BRICS is an acronym for the grouping of the world’s leading emerging economies, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
• In 2001, the British Economist Jim O’Neill coined the term BRIC to describe the four emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China.
• The grouping was formalized during the first meeting of BRIC Foreign Ministers in 2006.
• South Africa was invited to join BRIC in December 2010, after which the group adopted the acronym BRICS.
• BRICS marked its 15th summit by expanding its membership from five to eleven countries, reflecting a concerted effort to enhance its global standing.
• Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Ethiopia, and Argentina joined the BRICS fold, amplifying the group’s representation across the Middle East, Africa, and South America.
• Full membership will take effect on January 1, 2024.

• The Indian Penal Code was drafted by the first Law Commission which was chaired by Thomas Babington Macaulay in 1834. The code came into force in January, 1860.
• The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill, 2023 will repeal and replace the IPC.
• The BNS Bill proposes several changes in the existing provisions including those related to defamation, offence against women and attempt to commit suicide.
• While the IPC has 511 sections, the BNS Bill contains 356 provisions.

• Rajesh Ramesh
• Muhammed Ajmal Variyathodi
• Amoj Jacob
• Muhammad Anas Yahiya

• No. of Indian rural households with tap water connections reached 13 Crore, the target is 19.23 Cr.
• Increase in the no. of space startup- from 4 in 1014 to more than 150 in 2023. 
• India’s space economy is valued at $8 billion.

• It is co-led by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and the World Health Organisation (WHO).
• Aim: To accelerate the development and manufacture of Covid-19 vaccines and to guarantee fair and equitable access for every country in the world.
• COVAX is the vaccines pillar of the Access to Covid-19 Tools (ACT) Accelerator.
• The ACT Accelerator is a global collaboration to accelerate the development, production, and equitable access to Covid-19 tests, treatments, and vaccines.

The Teachers Awarded are –

1. Shashi Sekhar Sharma of Kenduapada Nodal High School, Bhadrak
2. Subhash Chandra Rout of Brundaban govt. High School, Jagatsinghpur
3. Rabinarayan Sahu, Training officer at Special ITI for PwDs in Jatani
4. Sunita Singh, Assistant training officer at Govt. Industrial Training Institute, Bhubaneshwar.

• It is a popular wildlife destination located in Angul district of Odisha.
• It is situated on the banks of the Mahanadi River.
• The sanctuary has been recognized as a critical tiger habitat by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA).
• Flora: It is home to a diverse range of flora, including dry deciduous forests, moist deciduous forests, and tropical moist forests. The sanctuary is known for its Sal forests, which cover a large part of the area.
• Fauna: Elephants, Tigers, Leopards, Wild dogs, Sloth bears, Gaurs, sambar deer, spotted deer etc.

• Business Network International(BNI) Greater Odisha has been adjudged as the 3rd Region in the world for the year 2023
• BNI is the World’s Largest professional networking organization.
• The mission of BNI is to help members increase their business through a structured, positive, and professional “word-of-mouth” program that enables them to develop long-term, meaningful relationships with quality business professionals.

• Odisha govt will provide insurance cover to certified snake handlers.
• The Forest, Environment and Climate change department will pay the premium while the Odisha state disaster management authority will provide training to snake handlers.

• Pattachitra is a picture painted on a piece of cloth.
• This form of art is closely related to the cult of Shri Jagannath and the temple traditions in Puri.
• It is believed to have originated as early as the 12th century
• Some of the popular themes represented through this art form are Thia Badhia, Krishna Lila , Dasabatara Patti and Panchamukhi  More than anything, the themes are clearly the essence of the art form, conceptualizing the meaning of the paintings.
• Most of the materials used in this painting are natural substances
• It is a disciplined form of art with a set of rules and restrictions. A floral border is a must around the paintings, and so is the use of natural colors.
• The paintings are executed primarily in profile with elongated eyes, as well.
• With the use of such prominent solid shades, the paintings end up depicting stark emotional expressions with great detail. 
• Over the years the art form has evolved and has experienced discernible changes. The Chitrakars have painted on palm leaves and Tussar silk and have also created wall hangings and showpieces.