Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25, Download PDF

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The Central Board of Education (CBSE) has revealed the new CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25 for the upcoming academic year 2024-25. Students of the humanities often study Geography subjects in classes 11 and 12. The geography Syllabus 2025 of class 12 analyzes the link between people and their environment at several scales, including local, state/regional, national, and global.

Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25

As an entry point into higher education, students often select Geography to pursue their academic interests. So it becomes important to have a broader and deeper understanding of the topic. This syllabus includes thorough information about the course structure, detailed topic names, recommended books, and a list of practicals. Download the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025 PDF from the link given in this page.

CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2025

The CBSE Class 12 geography syllabus 2025 familiarize yourself with the fundamental concepts, vocabulary, and principles of geography. The Geography syllabus of the 12th describes locales and compares them to Geographical Perspectives. There are several subjects until the tenth grade, which then transition into different streams such as Science, arts, and Commerce. One such discipline is geography.

This subject is taught as part of Social Science until Class 10. It becomes an independent subject in Class 11. In CBSE Class 12, the Class 12 Geography syllabus is separated into two sections – A and B. Part A is for Fundamentals of Human Geography, which discusses the human population, its distribution, growth, and development. Where Part B discusses the Indian people and economy.

Geography Class 12 Syllabus 2024-25: Pattern

Book- Fundamental of Human Geography

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	No. of periods	Weightage
Unit I
1	Human Geography	7	3
Unit II
2	The World Population Density Distribution and Growth	9	8
3	Human Development	7	8
Unit III
4	Primary Activities	12	19
5	Secondary Activities	10
6	Tertiary and Quaternary Activities	10
7	Transport, Communication and Trade	15
8	International Trade	10
Map Work (Based on identification of features on World Political Map)		10	5
Total		90	35

Book-India People and Economy

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	No. of Periods	Weightage
Unit I
1	Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition	10	5
Unit II
2	Human Settlements	8	3
Unit III
3	Land Resources and Agriculture	9	10
4	Water Resources	9
5	Mineral And Energy Resources	9
6	Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context	7
Unit IV
7	Transport and Communication	11	7
8	International Trade	9	7
Unit V
9	Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems	8	5
Map Work (Based on Marking and labelling on a political Map of India)		10	5
Total		90	35

Geography Practical – II

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	Period	Weightage
1	Data-its source and Compilation	5	18
2	Data Processing	8
3	Graphical representation of Data	15
4	Spatial Information Technology	12	7
Practical Record Book and Viva Voce			5
Total		40	30

Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25 (Detailed)

The detailed CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25 chapter wise is tabulated below.

Book- Fundamental of Human Geography
Chapter No. and Name	Specific Learning Objectives	Suggested Teaching Learning Process
1 Human Geography	· To define Human Geography and describe the nature and scope of Human Geography as a discipline.	· Case Study on determinism and possibilism given in NCERT to be used to explain the concept. · Prepare a concept map of the chapter explaining the following: Definition of Human Geography, nature, scope, schools of thought, branches of Human Geography.
2 The World Population- distribution, density and growth	· To familiarize learners with some basic concepts of Population Geography.	· On a world map mark and label ten most populous countries of the world.
2 The World Population- distribution, density and growth	· To understand the patterns of population distribution in the world and correlate the factors influencing population distribution.	· Class discussion on how science and technology helped in population growth. · List the reasons for human migration. · On the world map identify the countries of Europe and Asia with negative growth rate of population and African countries with growth rate of population more than three percent. · Students can be asked to find out the density of population of their respective state/ district/ city. · Case Study on Thomas Malthus (optional) · Prepare a glossary.
3 Human development	· To understand the concept human development introduced by Dr. Mehbub Ul Haq and Prof. Amartya Sen.	· The lesson can be introduced by asking students to discuss with their peer group: What is
		a meaningful life?
		· Discuss: How Beti Bachao and
		Beti Padhao
		programme introduced by the Government of India can address the issue of declining sex ratio and make life more meaningful for girls. · Enact a play to show how choices get limited due to lack of capability in areas of income, health care and education. · Interview a lady vegetable vendor, cobbler and a sweeper in the community and note how their opportunities were limited because of gender, caste and income.
4 Primary Activities	· To understand various categories of economic activities. · To describe Primary activities and relate the physical and social factors that affect the type of primary activities practised in different regions of the world.	· Class discussion: Why are people in coastal areas and plains engaged in fishing and agriculture? · Describe the life of a nomadic herder. (Gaddi and Bakarwal tribe) · Mark and label the following on an outline world map:
	· To explain main features of different types of agricultural system practised in the world.	a. Major areas of subsistence gathering b. Major areas of nomadic herding of the world c. Major areas of commercial livestock rearing d. Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming e. Major areas of mixed farming of the World
5 Secondary Activities	· To develop understanding of secondary activities with emphasis on manufacturing industries. · To give an overview of manufacturing processes, types, its significance and recent changes.	· The students can be asked to prepare a list of factory-made goods they use in their daily life and categorize them as biodegradable and non- biodegradable. · List out ten global brands, their logos and products. · The students can be taken out for a visit to local industry and asked to prepare a report on their observations regarding raw material used, finished product, production process, labour inputs, environmental impact and social responsibility. · The students can be asked to prepare a sketch, poster, poem or write-up about the environmental conditions surrounding an industry.
6 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities	· To understand different types of tertiary activity and its importance in the economy.	· Make a list of economic activities under different categories. · Make a list of departmental stores and chain stores that you visit regularly. · Class discussion on: How convenient and beneficial the fast-growing service sector in the world.
7 Transport and Communication	· To acquire knowledge about various modes of transport in different continents. · To compare and synthesize the information about major transport routes around the globe. · To understand the development of communication networks and their impact on the modern world.	· Students can be asked to do a survey of their class about the means of transport being used by students to reach school. Prepare a Bar diagram with the help of the data collected. · Analyze the connection between physical landscape and development of various modes of transport. · Mark and label the terminal stations of Trans-Siberian Railway, Trans Canadian Railway and Trans Australia Railway on an outline world map. · Draw a sketch map of Suez Canal, Panama Canal, St Lawrence Sea ways and Rhine waterways, and mark them on an outline map of the world. · On an outline map of the world mark and label the following major airports of each continent: a. Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Mumbai, Jeddah, Aden b. Africa: Johannesburg & Nairobi c. Europe: Moscow, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome
7 Transport and Communication		d. North America: Chicago, New Orleans, Mexico City e. South America: BuenosAires, Santiago f. Australia: Darwin and Wellington
8 International Trade	· Familiarize the students with the basic concepts and principles of international trade. · To understand the basis of international trade, Balance of trade and types of international trade. · Gain knowledge about the concept of Dumping. · To outline the historical perspective of globalization and role of WTO, its functions and its implications on the world trade. · Examine the importance of sea ports as gateways of international trade	· Discuss: How International trade was carried out in the past vis-a-vis present times. · Study the data given on table 9.1 and compare world import and export to calculate balance of trade and analyse its implication. · Read the case study on dumping and discuss how dumping is becoming a serious concern among trading nations. · Prepare a concept map of the chapter. · Mark and label the headquarter of WTO on an outline world map. · Mark and label the following major sea ports of the world: a. Europe: North Cape, London, Hamburg North America: Vancouver, San Francisco, New Orleans b. South America: Rio De Janeiro,Colon, Valparaiso Africa: Suez and Cape Town c. Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Aden, Karachi, Kolkata d. Australia: Perth, Sydney, Melbourne

India People and Economy
Chapter No. and Name	Specific Learning Objectives	Suggested Teaching Learning Process
1 Population: Distribution Density, Growth and Composition	· To correlate population distribution and density with the physiography of India. · To familiarize students with the demographic attributes of India	· Learner may be asked to refer to an Atlas to correlate relief map of India and map of population distribution and density and write their observation and share with their classmates. · Prepare a choropleth map showing the state wise density of population of India. · Represent the data on decadal growth rate (given on page 5 NCERT) in India using suitable statistical diagram. · Refer to Census of India website to collect data on population of India. · Prepare a dot map showing the
3 Human development	· To understand the concept human development introduced by Dr. Mehbub Ul Haq and Prof. Amartya Sen.	· The lesson can be introduced by asking students to discuss with their peer group: What is
		a meaningful life?
		· Discuss: How Beti Bachao and
		Beti Padhao
		programme introduced by the Government of India can address the issue of declining sex ratio and make life more meaningful for girls.

		· Enact a play to show how choices get limited due to lack of capability in areas of income, health care and education.

		Interview a lady vegetable vendor, cobbler and a sweeper in the community and note how their opportunities were limited because of gender, caste and income.
4 Primary Activities	· To understand various categories of economic activities. · To describe Primary activities and relate the physical and social factors that affect the type of primary activities practised in different regions of the world. To explain main features of different types of agricultural system practised in the world.	· Class discussion: Why are people in coastal areas and plains engaged in fishing and agriculture? · Describe the life of a nomadic herder. (Gaddi and Bakarwal tribe) · Mark and label the following on an outline world map: a. Major areas of subsistence gathering b. Major areas of nomadic herding of the world c. Major areas of commercial livestock rearing d. Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming e. Major areas of mixed farming of the World

Note – The rest syllabus will be uploaded soon.

Geography Syllabus Class 12 CBSE 2024-25: Map Labelling

Here we have listed the topics for map pointing –

India – People and Economy
Chapter No. and Name	Map Items
1-Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition	State with highest population density & state with lowest population density (2011)
2-Human Settlement	Nil
3-Land Resources and Agriculture	Leading producing states of the following crops: (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Jute (e) Sugarcane (f) Tea and (g) Coffee
4-Water Resources	Nil
5-Mineral And Energy Resources	Mines: · Iron-ore mines: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila, Ratnagiri, Bellary · Manganese mines: Balaghat, Shimoga · Copper mines: Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetari · Bauxite mines: Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput · Coal mines: Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Neyveli · Oil Refineries: Mathura, Jamnager, Barauni
6-Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context	Nil
7-Transport and Communication	Nil
8-International Trade	Mark and label the major seaports and airports on an outline map of India. · Major Sea Ports: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Kochi, Mangalore, Tuticorin, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradwip, Haldia
8-International Trade	· International Airports: Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Delhi, Amritsar, Thiruvananthapuram & Hyderabad.
9-Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems	Nil

Fundamentals of Human Geography
Chapter No. and Name	Map Items
1-Human Geography	Nil
2-The World Population Density Distribution and Growth	Nil
3-Human Development	Nil
4-Primary Activities	· Areas of subsistence gathering (Fig 4.2) · Major areas of nomadic herding of the world (4.4) · Major areas of commercial livestock rearing (4.6) · Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming (4.12) · Major areas of mixed farming of the World (4.14)
5-Secondary Activities	Nil
6-Tertiary and Quaternary Activities	Nil
7-Transport, Communication and Trade	· Terminal Stations of Transcontinental Railways– Trans-Siberian, Trans Canadian, Trans-Australian Railways Major Sea Ports · Europe: North Cape, London, Hamburg · North America: Vancouver, San Francisco, New Orleans · South America: Rio De Janeiro, Colon, Valparaiso · Africa: Suez and Cape Town · Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Aden, Karachi, Kolkata
7-Transport, Communication and Trade	· Australia: Perth, Sydney, Melbourne Major Airports: · Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Mumbai, Jeddah, Aden · Africa: Johannesburg & Nairobi · Europe: Moscow, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome · North America: Chicago, New Orleans, Mexico City · South America: Buenos Aires, Santiago · Australia: Darwin and Wellington Inland Waterways · Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Rhine waterways and St. Lawrence Seaways
8-International Trade	Nil

CBSE Class 12 Geography Practical Exam 2024-25: Instruction

Students must prepare a practical file that covers all of the topics outlined in the practical curriculum.
The file should be completely handwritten, including a cover page, index page, and acknowledgment.
All statistical diagrams and maps should be neatly made, with appropriate titles, scales, and indexes. Data for statistical diagrams can be obtained from the NCERT textbook or census.
Both internal and external examiners will evaluate the practical file during the CBSE practical examinations.
On the day of the practical exam, a 25-mark written exam will be administered based on the practical course listed above.
The viva will only be based on the practical syllabus.
A 25-mark written exam (practical) and a 2-mark practical file.
The Viva will be of 3 marks.