Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell for Class 9 & 11 with Examples

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell: The primary distinction between these two types of organisms is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.

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Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell: Every living entity, from tiny microbes to massive animals, is made of the same cell. An organism has two types of cells, Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic, based on the internal structure of the cell. The cellular structure of an organism defines which category it belongs to.

Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, whereas eukaryotic cells are more sophisticated and larger. Understanding the Differences between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells is critical to comprehending living organisms. In this post, we shall define prokaryotes and eukaryotes and discuss the distinctions between the two. So read the entire article, and if you still have queries, leave them in the comments section.

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

The cell is the fundamental unit of life and serves as the foundation for all living beings.

Single-celled organisms or unicellular organisms are those made up of a single cell, while multi-cellular organisms are those made up of more than one or many cells.
Robert Hooke discovered the cell in 1665. Scientific and technological breakthroughs have cast more light on the cell, with fresh findings and discoveries concerning its structure and its components. Scientists proposed the concept of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells in the 1950s, with Edouard Chatton, a French biologist, laying the groundwork in 1925.
Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell: Because cells differ in terms of classification, prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells differ fairly significantly. Prokaryotic cells are primitive cells found primarily in single-celled organisms, and they lack a nucleus, instead containing a fragment of DNA and the organelles are not bounded by membranes, whereas eukaryotic cells are found in all types of multicellular organisms, including plant and animal cells, and they have a nucleus and organelles that are surrounded by membranes.

What is a Prokaryotic cell?

Knowing what is a prokaryotic cell is very important to understand the Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell. Here we have compiled some features of the prokaryote cells.

Unicellular beings known as prokaryotes are notable for lacking membrane-bound components and the nucleus. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound structures but do have discrete cellular areas.
DNA binds together in an area known as the nucleoid in prokaryotic cells.
Prokaryotes are classified into two groups: bacteria and archaea.
Protein, DNA, and metabolite molecules can all be found floating in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes.
Bacterial primitive organelles function as micro-compartments to provide some feeling of order to the arrangement.
Example – Bacteria and archaea.

Image – Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell

What is a Eukaryotic cell?

Eukaryotes are larger and more complicated than prokaryotes.

Eukaryotes are organisms with cells that contain a nucleus and other organelles that are surrounded by a plasma membrane.
Except for Kingdom Monera, they include practically all of the main kingdoms.
Eukaryotes have a cell wall, which supports and protects the plasma membrane. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the entry and exit of many chemicals.
DNA, which is accountable for preserving all genetic data, is found in the nucleus. The nuclear membrane encircles the nucleus. The nucleolus is found within the nucleus.
Eukaryotic cells also have mitochondria, which are in charge of producing energy, which is then used by the cell.
Chloroplasts are photosynthetic subcellular locations found solely in plant cells. The endoplasmic reticulum facilitates material movement.
Other cell organelles that serve different activities include ribosomes, lysosomes, Golgi bodies, cytoplasm, chromosomes, vacuoles, and centrosomes.
Examples – animals, plants, fungi, algae, and protozoans.

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell with examples

Prokaryotes were the first living organisms. Eukaryotes are thought to have originated from prokaryotes some 2.7 billion years ago, according to scientists. The main Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells is that eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, whereas prokaryotic cells have not. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, for example, have cell membranes and ribosomes, but the similarities end there. Now, look at the table below to see how Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells vary.

Difference Between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
Particulars	Prokaryotic cells	Eukaryotic cells
Type of Cell	unicellular	Eukaryotic cells are either unicellular or multicellular.
Size of Cell	0.2 μm – 2.0 μm in diameter	Size ranges from 10 μm – 100 μm in diameter
Nucleus	In this Prokaryotic cell, the true nucleus is absent, instead, the nucleotide is present	The true nucleus is present.
Cell wall	the cell wall is present and it is very complex in nature	cell walls found in very rare cases, if present they have simple chemical nature.
Mitochondria	Mitochondria is absent	Mitochondria is present
DNA structure	DNA is arranged in a circular shape	linear in shape
Cytoplasm	the cytoplasm is present, but it is absent in most cell organelles	eukaryotic cells consist of both cytoplasm and organelles.
Vacuoles	Vacuoles absent	Vacuoles present
Ribosomes	Ribosomes are present, small in size, and spherical	present, comparatively large and linear in shape
Endoplasmic reticulum	The endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, centromere all are absent	The endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and centromere all are present.
Plasmids	Plasmids are commonly found in prokaryotic cell	Plasmids are very rarely found in eukaryotes
Cell Division	Cell division occurs through binary fission	Cell division occurs through mitosis
Pili and fimbriae	It may have pili and fimbriae.	Pili and fimbriae are absent
Flagella	Flagella is small in size	If flagella are large in size.
Reproduction	only asexual reproduction occurs	Both sexual and asexual reproduction occurs.
Transcription	Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm	Transcription occurs inside the nucleus.
Example	Bacteria and Archaea are examples.	Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals

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FAQs

What are three 3 main differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

1. Prokaryotic cells are unicellular, whereas eukaryotic cells are multicellular. It could be unicellular or multicellular.
2. Cell wall is normally present in prokaryotic cells, but it can be present or missing in eukaryotic cells.
3.The nucleus is lacking in prokayotic cells, but they do have a nucleoid area, whereas the nucleus is usually present in eukaryotic cells.

Do prokaryotes have organelles?

Prokaryotes are organisms with neither a nucleus nor other organelles in their cells.

What is the difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes Class 9?

Cytoplasm is found in prokaryotic cells, but it is absent in most cell organelles. It is composed of both cytoplasm and organelles in eukaryotic cells.