ICSE Class 10 Geography Syllabus 2023-24

1. Locating features with the help of a four-figure or a six-figure grid reference.
2. Definition of contour and contour interval. Identification of landforms marked by
   contours (steep slope, gentle slope, hill, valley, ridge/water divide, escarpment), triangulated height, spot height, benchmark, and relative height/ depth.
3. Interpretation of color tints and conventional symbols used in a topographical survey of India map.
4. Identification and definition of types of scale given on the map. Measuring distances and calculating area using the scale given therein.
5. Marking directions between different locations, using eight cardinal points. (f) Identify the site of prominent villages and/or towns, types of land use/land cover and means of communication with the help of the index given at the bottom of the sheet.
6. Identification of drainage (direction of flow and pattern) and settlement patterns.
7. Identification of natural and man-made features.

• Peaks and Plateaus: Himalayas, Karakoram, Aravali, Vindhyas, Satpura, Western and Eastern Ghats, Nilgiris, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia, Mount Godwin Austin (K2), Mount Kanchenjunga. Deccan Plateau, Chota Nagpur Plateau.
• Plains: Gangetic Plains and Coastal plains – (Konkan, Kanara, Malabar, Coromandel, Northern Circars). Desert: Thar (The Great Indian Desert)
• Rivers: Indus, Ravi, Beas, Chenab, Jhelum, Satluj, Ganga, Yamuna, Ghaghra, Gomti, Gandak, Kosi, Chambal, Betwa, Son, Damodar, Brahmaputra, Narmada, Tapti, Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Cauveri, Tungabhadra.
• Water Bodies: Gulf of Kutch, Gulf of Khambhat, Gulf of Mannar, Palk Strait, Andaman Sea, Chilka Lake, Wular Lake. Passes: Karakoram, Nathu-La Passes. Latitude and Longitudes: Tropic of Cancer, Standard Meridian (82º 30’E).
• Direction of Winds: South West Monsoons (Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal Branches), North-East Monsoons, and Western Disturbances.
• Distribution of Minerals: Oil – Mumbai High (Offshore Oil Field) and Digboi. Iron –Singhbhum, Coal – Jharia.
• Soil Distribution – Alluvial, Laterite, Black and Red Soil.
• Cities – Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bengaluru, Kochi, Chandigarh, Srinagar, Vishakhapatnam, Allahabad.
• Population – Distribution of Population (Dense and sparse).

• Position and Extent of India. (through Map only).
• The physical features of India – mountains, plateaus, plains and rivers. (through Map
  only).

Distribution of Temperature, Rainfall, winds in Summer and Winter, and factors affecting the
climate of the area. Monsoon and its mechanism.
Seasons: March to May – Summer; June to September – Monsoon; October to November – Retreating Monsoon. December to February – Winter.

• Types of soil (alluvial, black, red, and laterite) distribution, composition, and characteristics
  such as color, texture, minerals, and crops associated.
• Soil Erosion – causes, prevention and conservation.

•  Importance of forests.
• Types of vegetation (tropical evergreen, tropical deciduous, tropical desert, littoral, and mountain), distribution, and correlation with their environment.
• Forest conservation.

• Sources (Surface water and groundwater).
• Need for conservation and conservation practices (Rainwater harvesting and its
  importance).
• Irrigation: Importance and methods.

• Iron ore, Manganese, Copper, Bauxite – uses and their distribution
• Conventional Sources: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas (distribution, advantages and
  disadvantages).
• Hydel power (Bhakra Nangal Dam and Hirakud).
• Non-conventional Sources: Solar, wind, tidal, geo-thermal, nuclear and bio-gas (generation
  and advantages).

• Indian Agriculture – importance, problems and reforms.
• Types of farming in India: subsistence and commercial: shifting, intensive, extensive,
  plantation and mixed.
• Agricultural seasons (rabi, kharif, zayad).
• Climatic conditions, soil requirements, methods of cultivation, processing and distribution of the following crops:

– rice, wheat, millet and pulses.
– sugarcane, oilseeds (groundnut, mustard and soya bean).
– cotton, jute, tea, and coffee.

• Importance and classification
•  Agro-based Industry – Sugar, Textile (Cotton and Silk).
• Mineral-based Industry – Iron & Steel (TISCO, Bhilai, Rourkela, Vishakhapatnam) Petro Chemical and Electronics.

• Impact of waste accumulation – spoilage of landscape, pollution, health hazards, effect on
  terrestrial, aquatic (fresh water and marine) life.
• Need for waste management.
• Methods of safe disposal -segregation, dumping, and composting.
• Need and methods for reducing, reusing, and recycling waste