What does ∧ mean in math?

∧ is the mathematical sign for logical conjunction, which is equivalent to the AND operator you're familiar with. Similarly, is (most commonly) logical disjunction, which corresponds to the OR operator.

What is the ⪯ symbol?

We frequently use it to signify a partial ordering and refer to (A,) as a partially ordered set or a poset.

Math Symbols- All Mathematical Symbols with Examples

Table of Contents

Math Symbols: We are unable to visualize mathematics without math symbols, whether it’s a simple addition problem or a difficult calculus problem. These mathematical symbols are necessary for various mathematical processes. These math symbols are employed in a variety of mathematical domains. from the representation of the equation to the explanation of what’s going on between the two integers. In mathematical operations, all math symbols are utilized to represent diverse concepts. Mathematical dimensions include algebra, trigonometry, geometry, and number theory, and the concept of maths is entirely based on numbers and math symbols. So in this article we dive into different sorts of math symbols of various math chapters such as Algebra, Sets, probability, calculus, math symbols greek, numerical symbols and more.

Math Symbols

It’s worth noting that Mathematics is entirely dependent on numbers and math symbols. In various conceptions, the primary use of all math symbols is to carry out mathematical operations.There are numerous other uses for math symbols besides referring to distinct quantities.

Math symbols in many topics and It aids in the representation of quantities.
Establishes quantitative relationships.
It aids in determining the type of operation we must carry out.

Mathematical Symbols with Names

Math symbols are ubiquitous and help to bridge the language gap. It all revolves around numbers, symbols, and formulas in mathematics. To express mathematical ideas, basic mathematical symbols are utilised. The symbol-value relationship relates to the fundamental mathematical condition. We’re here talking about the fundamental mathematical symbols with Names that we are learning from our childhood.

Basic Math symbols
Math Symbol	Symbol Name in Maths	Meaning	Example
≠	not equal sign	inequality	9 ≠ 5
=	equal sign	equality	10 = 8 + 2
<	strict inequality	less than	9 < 18
>	strict inequality	greater than	8 > 1
≤	inequality	less than or equal to	x ≤ y, means, y = x or y > x
≥	inequality	greater than or equal to	a ≥ b, means, a = b or a > b, but not vice-versa
−	minus sign	subtraction	8 − 2 = 6
+	plus sign	addition	9 + 2 = 11
∓	minus – plus	both minus and plus operations	1 ∓ 4 = -3 and 5
±	plus – minus	both plus and minus operations	5 ± 3 = 8 and 2
×	times sign	multiplication	4 × 3 = 12
[ ]	brackets	calculate expression inside first	[ 3×6] + 2 = 20 + 3 = 23
( )	parentheses	calculate expression inside first	3 × (3 + 7) = 3 × 10 = 30
n√a	n-th root (radical)	n√a · n√a · · · n times = a	for n=3, n√8 = 2
ppm	per-million	1 ppm = 1/1000000	10ppm × 30 = 0.0003
‰	per-mille	1‰ = 1/1000 = 0.1%	10‰ × 30 = 0.3
ppt	per-trillion	1ppt = 10-12	10ppt × 30 = 3×10-10
ppb	per-billion	1 ppb = 1/1000000000	10 ppb × 30 = 3×10-7
*	asterisk	multiplication	2 * 3 = 6
÷	division sign / obelus	division	15 ÷ 5 = 3
∙	multiplication dot	multiplication	2 ∙ 3 = 6
–	horizontal line	division / fraction	8/2 = 4
/	division slash	division	6 ⁄ 2 = 3
mod	modulo	remainder calculation	7 mod 3 = 1
ab	power	exponent	24 = 16
.	period	decimal point, decimal separator	4.36 = 4 +(36/100)
√a	square root	√a · √a = a	√9 = ±3
a^b	caret	exponent	2 ^ 3 = 8
4√a	fourth root	4√a ·4√a · 4√a · 4√a = a	4√16= ± 2
3√a	cube root	3√a ·3√a · 3√a = a	3√343 = 7
%	percent	1% = 1/100	10% × 30 = 3

Math Symbols List Logical

To execute various processes, a logical math symbols list is employed. The logical math symbols make referring to mathematical quantities easier. The logical math symbols not only relate to distinct quantities, but they also express the connections between two quantities and help to concise the interpretation.

Logical Math Symbols
Math Symbols	Symbol Name in Math	Meaning	Example
⋅	and	and	x ⋅ y
&	ampersand	and	x & y
+	plus	or	x + y
^	caret / circumflex	and	x ^ y
⇔	equivalent	if and only if (iff)	–
↔	equivalent	if and only if (iff)	–
∨	reversed caret	or	x ∨ y
\|	vertical line	or	x \| y
x’	single quote	not – negation	x’
x	bar	not – negation	x
¬	not	not – negation	¬ x
!	exclamation mark	not – negation	! x
⊕	circled plus / oplus	exclusive or – xor	x ⊕ y
~	tilde	negation	~ x
⇒	implies	–	–
∴	therefore	–	–
∵	because / since	–	–
∀	for all	–	–
∃	there exists	–	–
∄	there does not exists	–	–

Math Symbols Greek

We frequently employ Greek symbols in other subjects as well. In their work, mathematicians utilize Greek alphabets and math symbols Greek to denote variables, constants, functions, and so on. The names of some of the most regularly used Greek symbols in mathematics are mentioned below.

Math Symbols Greek
Upper Case Letter	Lower Case Letter	Greek Letter Name	How to Pronounce	English Equivalent/ Meaning
Α	α	Alpha	al-fa	a
Β	β	Beta	be-ta	b
Γ	γ	Gamma	ga-ma	g
Δ	δ	Delta	del-ta	d
Ε	ε	Epsilon	ep-si-lon	e
Ζ	ζ	Zeta	Ze-ta	z
Η	η	Eta	eh-ta	h
Θ	θ	Theta	te-ta	th
Ι	ι	Iota	io-ta	i
Κ	κ	Kappa	ka-pa	k
Λ	λ	Lambda	lam-da	l
Μ	μ	Mu	m-yoo	m
Μ	μ	Mu	m-yoo	m
Ν	ν	Nu	noo	n
Ν	ν	Nu	noo	n
Ξ	ξ	Xi	x-ee	x
Ο	ο	Omicron	o-mee-c-ron	o
Π	π	Pi	pa-yee	p
Ρ	ρ	Rho	row	r
Σ	σ	Sigma	sig-ma	s
Τ	τ	Tau	ta-oo	t
Υ	υ	Upsilon	oo-psi-lon	u
Φ	φ	Phi	f-ee	ph
Χ	χ	Chi	kh-ee	ch
Ψ	ψ	Psi	p-see	ps
Ω	ω	Omega	o-me-ga	o

Geometry Symbols

Geometry is an important subject of mathematics that is concerned with the features of geometric object configurations such as lines that are parallel, angles, circles, points, and so on. Here we include all of the geometry symbols that students should be familiar with.

Geometry Symbols in Mathematics
Math Symbol	Symbol Name	Meaning	Example
deg	degree	1 turn = 360deg	α = 60deg
∠	angle	formed by two rays	∠ABC = 30°
°	degree	1 turn = 360°	α = 60°
	measured angle	the angle we are talking about	ABC = 30°
	spherical angle		AOB = 30°
∟	right angle		α = 90°
grad	gradians/gons	grads angle unit	360° = 400 grad
g	gradians/gons	grads angle unit	360° = 400 g
′	prime	arcminute, 1° = 60′	α = 60°59′
″	double prime	arcsecond, 1′ = 60″	α = 60°59′59″
	line	infinite line
AB	line segment	line from point A to point B
	ray	line that start from point A
	arc	arc from point A to point B
⊥	perpendicular	perpendicular lines (90° angle)	AC ⊥ BC
∥	parallel	parallel lines	AB ∥ CD
≅	congruent to	equivalence of geometric shapes and size	∆ABC≅ ∆XYZ
~	similarity	same shapes, not same size	∆ABC~ ∆XYZ
Δ	triangle	triangle shape	ΔABC≅ ΔBCD
\|x-y\|	distance	distance between points x and y	\| x-y \| = 5
π	pi constant	π = 3.141592654…is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle	c = π⋅d = 2⋅π⋅r
rad	radians	radians angle unit	360° = 2π rad
c	radians	radians angle unit	360° = 2π c

Algebra Symbols

These math symbols in algebra indicate non-fixed quantities known as variables. Algebra is a mathematical aspect that involves symbols and the rules used to deceive those symbols. Mathematics discusses the link between variables in algebra. Look at the table below, where we discussed almost all algebra symbols.

Algebra Symbols
Math Symbol	Symbol Name	Meaning	Example
f (x)	function of x	maps values of x to f(x)	f (x) = 3x+5
\| x \|	single vertical bar	absolute value	\| -5 \| = 5
≡	equivalence	identical to
x	x variable	unknown value to find	when 2x = 4, then x = 2
:=	equal by definition	equal by definition
≜	equal by definition	equal by definition
≈	approximately equal	approximation	sin(0.01) ≈ 0.01
~	approximately equal	weak approximation	11 ~ 10
∞	lemniscate	infinity symbol
∝	proportional to	proportional to	y ∝ x when y = kx, k constant
≫	much greater than	much greater than	1000000 ≫ 1
≪	much less than	much less than	1 ≪ 1000000
[ ]	brackets	calculate expression inside first	[(1+2)*(1+5)] = 18
( )	parentheses	calculate expression inside first	2 * (3+5) = 16
⌊x⌋	floor brackets	rounds number to lower integer	⌊4.3⌋= 4
{ }	braces	set
x!	exclamation mark	factorial	4! = 123*4 = 24
⌈x⌉	ceiling brackets	rounds number to upper integer	⌈4.3⌉= 5
π	pi constant	π = 3.141592654… is the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle	c = π·d = 2·π·r
φ	golden ratio	golden ratio constant
(a,b)	open interval	(a,b) = {x \| a < x < b}	x ∈ (2,6)
(f ∘g)	function composition	(f ∘g) (x) = f (g(x))	f (x)=3x, g(x)=x-1 ⇒(f ∘g)(x)=3(x-1)
∆	delta	change / difference	∆t = t1 – t0
[a,b]	closed interval	[a,b] = {x \| a ≤ x ≤ b}	x ∈ [2,6]
∑	sigma	summation – sum of all values in range of series	∑ xi= x1+x2+…+xn
∆	discriminant	Δ = b2 – 4ac
∑∑	sigma	double summation
e	e constant / Euler’s number	e = 2.718281828…	e = lim (1+1/x)x , x→∞
∏	capital pi	product – product of all values in range of series	∏ xi=x1∙x2∙…∙xn
γ	Euler-Mascheroni constant	γ = 0.527721566…

Math Symbols Name in English: Linear Algebra

All math symbols name in English related to the Linear Algebra section are discussed below.

Linear Algebra Symbols
Math Symbol	Symbol Name	Meaning	Example
\| A \|	determinant	determinant of matrix A
·	dot	scalar product	a · b
×	cross	vector product	a × b
A⊗B	tensor product	tensor product of A and B	A ⊗ B
	inner product
[ ]	brackets	matrix of numbers
( )	parentheses	matrix of numbers
\|\| x \|\|	double vertical bars	norm
det(A)	determinant	determinant of matrix A
dim(U)	dimension	dimension of matrix A	dim(U) = 3
AT	transpose	matrix transpose	(AT)ij = (A)ji
A†	Hermitian matrix	matrix conjugate transpose	(A†)ij = (A)ji
A*	Hermitian matrix	matrix conjugate transpose	(A*)ij = (A)ji
A -1	inverse matrix	A A-1 = I
rank(A)	matrix rank	the rank of matrix A	rank(A) = 3

Probability and Statistics Symbols

Statistics and probability are two distinct but connected academic areas. Probability is the likelihood that something will occur – the probability that it is that an event will occur. Probability distributions are frequently used in statistical analysis, and the two disciplines are frequently studied together. Students investigate Probability and Statistics Symbols, Naming Meanings, and Examples in the table below-

Probability and Statistics Symbols
Math Symbols	Symbol Name	Meaning	Example
∑	summation	summation – sum of all values in the range of series
∑∑	double summation	double summation
P(A)	probability function	probability of event A	P(A)= 0.5
P(A ∩ B)	probability of events intersection	the probability that events A and B	P(A ∩ B)= 0.5
P(A ∪ B)	probability of events union	probability that events A or B	P(A ∪ B)= 0.5
P(A \| B)	conditional probability function	probability of event A given event B occurred	P(A \| B)= 0.3
f( X )	probability density function (pdf)	P( a ≤ x ≤ b ) =∫f( X ) dx
F( X )	cumulative distribution function (cdf)	F( X ) =P( X ≤ x)
μ	population mean	mean of population values	μ= 10
E( X )	expectation value	the expected value of random variable X	E( X ) = 10
E( X \| Y )	conditional expectation	expected value of random variable X given Y	E( X \| Y = 2 ) = 5
var( X )	variance	variance of random variable X	var( X )= 4
σ2	variance	variance of population values	σ2= 4
std( X )	standard deviation	standard deviation of random variable X	std( X ) = 2
σx	standard deviation	standard deviation value of random variable X	σx = 2
	median	middle value of random variable x
cov( X,Y )	covariance	covariance of random variables X and Y	cov( X,Y )= 4
corr( X,Y )	correlation	correlation of random variables X and Y	corr( X,Y )= 0.6
cov( X,Y )	covariance	covariance of random variables X and Y	cov( X,Y )= 4
corr( X,Y )	correlation	correlation of random variables X and Y	corr( X,Y )= 0.6
ρ x,y	correlation	correlation of random variables X and Y	ρ x,y= 0.6
X ~	distribution of X	distribution of random variable X	X ~ N (0,3)
X ~	distribution of X	distribution of random variable X	X ~ N (0,3)
Mo	mode	value that occurs most frequently in population
MR	mid-range	MR =( xmax+xmin)/2
Md	sample median	half the population is below this value
Q1	lower / first quartile	25 % of population are below this value
Q2	median / second quartile	50% of population are below this value = median of samples
Q3	upper / third quartile	75% of population are below this value
x	sample mean	average / arithmetic mean	x=(2+5+9) /3=5.333
s2	sample variance	population samples variance estimator	s2= 4
s	sample standard deviation	population samples standard deviation estimator	s= 2
Zx	standard score	Zx=(x-x)/ Sx
HG( N ,K ,n )	hyper-geometric distribution
Bern( p )	Bernoulli distribution
N(μσ2)	normal distribution	gaussian distribution	X ~ N (0,3)
U( a,b )	uniform distribution	equal probability in range a,b	X ~ U (0,3)
exp(λ)	exponential distribution	f(x)=λe-λx x≥0
gamma(c, λ)	gamma distribution	f(x)=λ c xc-1 e-λx / Γ ( c ) x≥0
χ2(k)	chi-square distribution	f(x)=xk/2-1 e-x/2 / ( 2k/2Γ )(k/2) )
F (k1,k2)	F distribution
Bin( n,p )	binomial distribution	F(k) = nCk pk(1-p)n-k
Poisson( λ )	Poisson distribution	F(k) = λke-λ / k !
Geom( p )	geometric distribution	F(k) = p( 1-p)k

Advanced Math Symbols: Calculus

Various math symbols have appeared in calculus. All the symbols of mathematics with names and definitions can be found here. Examine all of the mathematical symbols utilized during calculus.

Calulas Symbols
Symbol	Symbol Name in Maths	Math Symbols Meaning	Example
∫	integral	opposite to derivation	∫xn dx = xn + 1/n + 1 + C
ε	epsilon	represents a very small number, near-zero	ε → 0
limx→a	limit	limit value of a function	limx→a(3x+1)= 3 × a + 1 = 3a + 1
y ‘	derivative	derivative – Lagrange’s notation	(5×3)’ = 15×2
e	e constant / Euler’s number	e = 2.718281828…	e = lim (1+1/x)x , x→∞
y(n)	nth derivative	n times derivation	nth derivative of 3xn = 3 n (n-1)(n-2)….(2)(1)= 3n!
y”	second derivative	derivative of derivative	(4×3)” = 24x
	second derivative	derivative of derivative
dy/dx	derivative	derivative – Leibniz’s notation
	nth derivative	n times derivation
	Second derivative of time	derivative of derivative	If y = 4t2, then
	Single derivative of time	derivative by time – Newton’s notation	y = 5t, then
D2x	second derivative	derivative of derivative	y” + 2y + 1 = 0 ⇒ D2y + 2Dy + 1 = 0
Dx	derivative	derivative – Euler’s notation	dy/x – 1 = 0 ⇒ Dy – 1 = 0
δ	delta function	Dirac Delta function
	partial derivative	Differentiating a function with respect to one variable considering the other variables as constant	∂(x2+y2)/∂x = 2x
∭	triple integral	integration of the function of 3 variables
∬	double integral	integration of the function of 2 variables	∬(x3+y3)dx dy
∯	closed surface integral	Double integral over a closed surface	∭V (⛛.F)dV = ∯S (F.n̂) dS
∮	closed contour / line integral	Line integral over closed curve	∮C 2/z dz
[a,b]	closed interval	[a,b] = {x \| a ≤ x ≤ b}	sin x ∈ [ – 1, 1]
∰	closed volume integral	Volume integral over a closed three-dimensional domain	∰ (x2 + y2 + z2) dx dy dz
(a,b)	open interval	(a,b) = {x \| a < x < b}	f is continuous within (0, 1)
z*	complex conjugate	z = a+bi → z*=a-bi	If z = 3 + 2i then z* = 3 – 2i
i	imaginary unit	i ≡ √-1	z = 3 + 2i
∇	nabla / del	gradient / divergence operator	∇f (x,y,z)
	vector	A quantity with magnitude and direction
x * y	convolution	Modification in a function due to the other function.	y(t) = x(t) * h(t)
∞	lemniscate	infinity symbol	3x ≥ 0; x ∈ (0, ∞)

Set Theory Symbols

Set theory is a theory of mathematics that was designed to explain the groupings of items. Sets have proven to be an invaluable tool for describing some of mathematics’ most complex structures. They are primarily used to specify a wide range of real-world applications. Let us look at the many sorts of symbols employed during mathematics set theory, as well as their meanings and examples.

Set Theory Symbols
Math Symbols	Symbol Name	Meaning	Example
A = B	equality	both sets have the same members	A={6,4,17}, B={6,4,17}, A=B
{ }	set	a collection of elements	A = {3,7,9,14}, B = {9,14,28}
A ∩ B	intersection	objects that belong to set A and set B	A ∩ B = {9,14}
A ∪ B	union	objects that belong to set A or set B	A ∪ B = {3,7,9,14,28}
A ⊆ B	subset	A is a subset of B. set A is included in set B.	{9,14,28} ⊆ {9,14,28}
A ⊂ B	proper subset / strict subset	A is a subset of B, but A is not equal to B.	{9,14} ⊂ {9,14,28}
A ⊄ B	not subset	set A is not a subset of set B	{9,66} ⊄ {9,14,28}
A ⊇ B	superset	A is a superset of B. set A includes set B	{9,14,28} ⊇ {9,14,28}
A ⊃ B	proper superset / strict superset	A is a superset of B, but B is not equal to A.	{9,14,28} ⊃ {9,14}
A ⊅ B	not superset	set A is not a superset of set B	{9,14,28} ⊅ {9,66}
2A	power set	all subsets of A
	power set	all subsets of A
A×B	cartesian product	set of all ordered pairs from A and B	A×B = {(a,b)\|a∈A , b∈B}
Ac	complement	all the objects that do not belong to set A
A \ B	relative complement	objects that belong to A and not to B	A = {3,9,14}, B = {1,2,3}, A-B = {9,14}
A – B	relative complement	objects that belong to A and not to B	A = {3,9,14}, B = {1,2,3}, A-B = {9,14}
A ∆ B	symmetric difference	objects that belong to A or B but not to their intersection	A = {3,9,14}, B = {1,2,3}, A ∆ B = {1,2,9,14}
A ⊖ B	symmetric difference	objects that belong to A or B but not to their intersection	A = {3,9,14}, B = {1,2,3}, A ⊖ B = {1,2,9,14}
a∈A	element of, belongs to	set membership	A={3,9,14}, 3 ∈ A
x∉A	not element of	no set membership	A={3,9,14}, 1 ∉ A
(a,b)	ordered pair	collection of 2 elements
	complex numbers set		6+2i ∈
\|A\|	cardinality	the number of elements of set A	A={3,9,14}, \|A\|=3
#A	cardinality	the number of elements of set A	A={3,9,14}, #A=3
\|	vertical bar	such that	A={x\|3<x<14}
	aleph-null	infinite cardinality of natural numbers set
	aleph-one	cardinality of countable ordinal numbers set
Ø	empty set	Ø = { }	C = {Ø}
	universal set	set of all possible values
0	natural numbers / whole numbers set (with zero)	0 = {0,1,2,3,4,…}	0 ∈ 0
1	natural numbers / whole numbers set (without zero)	1 = {1,2,3,4,5,…}	6 ∈ 1
	integer numbers set		-6 ∈
	rational numbers set		2/6 ∈
	real numbers set		6.343434∈

Mathematical Language and Symbols

Roman numerals are employed in a variety of applications and are frequently seen in our daily lives. The followings are the most popular Roman and European numeric symbols used in mathematics.

Numerical Symbols
Name	European	Roman
zero	0	n/a
one	1	I
two	2	II
three	3	III
four	4	IV
five	5	V
six	6	VI
seven	7	VII
eight	8	VIII
nine	9	IX
ten	10	X
eleven	11	XI
twelve	12	XII
thirteen	13	XIII
fourteen	14	XIV
fifteen	15	XV
sixteen	16	XVI
seventeen	17	XVII
eighteen	18	XVIII
nineteen	19	XIX
twenty	20	XX
thirty	30	XXX
forty	40	XL
fifty	50	L
sixty	60	LX
seventy	70	LXX
eighty	80	LXXX
ninety	90	XC
one hundred	100	C