Mention the uses of metals and non-metals explained in the chapter 3 of NCERT Solutions for class 10 Science.

Ans. Some non - metals and their uses are listed below : Oxygen is used for breathing. Chlorine is used for purifying water. Phosphorous is used in crackers. Non - metals like nitrogen is used in fertilizers. Graphite is used as a good conductor of electricity. Potassium is used in fertilizers. Nitrogen is used by plants. Graphite is used in making leads. Carbon is used as a fuel. Bromine is used in dyes and pesticides. Some metals and their uses are listed below : Gold and silver are used for making jewellery. Copper is used for making electrical wires, cooking utensils etc. Zinc is mainly used as a protective coat for iron. Aluminium is used for making electrical cables, packaging, cooking utensils, etc. Metals like iron and steel are widely used in building and home constructions. Liquid metals like Mercury which can exist in room temperature is used in clinical thermometers. Lead is commonly used in car batteries. Coins are made up of nickel. Sodium used as table salt. Uranium is commonly used in defence fields as a nuclear reactor.

What is electrolytic refining?

Ans. Electrolytic refining is a technique that is used for the extraction and purification of metals that are obtained by refining methods. ... Soluble salt from the same metal is used an electrolyte. When an electric current is passed, pure metal gets deposited at the cathode and the impure metal gets dissolved from the anode. OR The process of electrolytic refining is used to purify impure metals. In this process, the impure metal is made anode and a thin strip of pure metal is made cathode. A solution of the salt of the metal, which is to be refined is used as an electrolyte.

How can corrosion be prevented?

Ans. When some metals are exposed to moisture, acids etc., they tarnish due to the formation of respective metal oxide on their surface. This process is called corrosion. Corrosion can be prevented by painting the surface, oiling, greasing, galvanizing, chrome plating or making alloys. Three ways to prevent corrosion Galvanisation - covering iron object with zinc. Anodising - covering iron object with Aluminium. Painting - the iron object.

How are metals extracted from their ores?

Ans. There are 3 main methods of extracting metals from their ore. They are reduction of the ore with carbon, reduction of the molten ore by electrolysis, and reduction of the ore with a more reactive metal. The metals seen in nature are extracted from their ores. Ores however are contaminated with a lot of impurities called gangue. The extraction processes depend on the differences between the physical and chemical properties of the gangue and the ores. Different metals have different reactivities. Based on this the extraction processes are applied. Very less reactive metals can be refined by heating alone. Medium reactive metals are refined by roasting and calcination. Very high reactive metals are refined by electrolytic reduction.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3

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NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 3: Metals and Non-metals

Adda247 provides NCERT Solutions for class 10 Science. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3 provided here will enhance the concepts of the students, as well as suggest alternative methods to solve particular problems to the teachers.

Chemistry is much more than the language of Science. We aim to aid the students with answering the questions correctly using logical approach and methodology. The NCERT Solutions provide ample material to enable students to form a good base with the fundamentals of the subject.

Class 10 board examination is the most crucial exam in every students’ life. Their future studies and career depend on the mark secured in the board exams. Every student works hard to score well in class 10 CBSE examinations. Science among all the subjects of class 10 has a vital role in every student’s career. Science teaches us how the world and our environment is made. The students can secure better marks in the science subject if they want to become a doctor or an engineer in future. It is important that they should prepare and study hard for this subject so they don’t lose marks.

For the students in Class 10 Science is a great book to refer to. The Class 10 Science Solutions are available chapter-wise at Adda247 and can prove to be very useful for the students. Whether you are struggling to grasp the concepts of various topics in the chapters or willing to push yourself to score better in the exams, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science PDF is the answer for you. These solutions are provided in an easy-to-understand language and will promote self-learning among students. The CBSE Class 10 Science Solutions, available for all the chapters, encourage a spirit of learning among students. Can learn all the chapters by following the NCERT Science Class 10 Solutions without even having to step out of their homes.

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 1

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 2

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Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals

Metals are solids at room temperature. Except for mercury which is a liquid metal. Non-metals may be solid, liquid or gases at the room temperature. Metals are strong and tough.

Difference between Metals and Non-Metals

Metals	Non-Metals
Metals tend to exist in a solid state at room temperature. (Except Mercury)	Non-metals can exist as either solid or gas. (Except Bromine)
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity	Non-metals are bad conductors of electricity (Except graphite) and heat.

Copper is used for making electrical wires, cooking utensils, etc. Zinc is mainly used as a protective coating for iron. Aluminium is used for making electrical cables, packaging, cooking utensils, etc. Non-metals Hydrogen is used for the synthesis of ammonia and methyl alcohol, in welding torches, etc.

Hydrogen, hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine, carbon, nitrogen, arsenic, phosphorus, selenium are examples of non-metal. For making electrical wires, cooking utensils, etc., copper is used. As a protective coating for iron, zinc is primarily used. Aluminium is used to produce electrical cables, packaging, utensils for cooking, etc.

Non – metals like nitrogen is used in fertilizers. Graphite is used as a good conductor of electricity. Potassium is used in fertilizers. Nitrogen is used by plants.

Chlorine is used in bleaching powder and liquid bleach, which are used for cleaning purposes. Chlorine is also very efficient disinfectant, hence added in public water to kill disease causing pathogens. Noble gases such as neon, argon, crypton are used in different types of lights.

There is a certain group of materials that conduct heat easily, they can carry electricity and are usually heavy and hard, they are not easily broken into pieces. This group of materials are called metals. There is another group that is just the direct opposite of metals and they are called Non-metals.

Uses of non-metals

1] Oxygen is used for breathing.

2] Chlorine is used for purifying water.

3] Phosphorous is used in crackers.

4] Non – metals like nitrogen is used in fertilizers.

So, if we include the non-metals group, halogens, and noble gases, all of the elements that are non-metals are:

Hydrogen (sometimes)

Carbon.

Nitrogen.

Oxygen.

Phosphorus.

Sulphur.

Selenium.

Fluorine.

Oxygen, carbon, sulphur and chlorine are examples of non-metal elements. Non-metals have properties in common. They are: poor conductors of heat and electricity (they are insulators)

People first began making things from metal over 9000 years ago, when they discovered how to get copper from its ore. They then learned how to make a harder alloy, bronze, by adding tin to the copper. About 3000 years ago, they discovered iron. For jewellery and ornaments, gold, platinum and silver are being used. For building purposes, iron and steel can be used. Iron and aluminium are used as utensils. The thermometer uses mercury and helps to monitor the temperature.

The second example of metals used in our daily life is electro technical materials. Metals are used both as good conductors of electricity (copper, aluminium) and as materials with increased resistance and electric heating elements. … Even the regular hammer and nails are metal tools.

Diamond is not considered as a non-metal in the exceptional category as diamond is a form of carbon. It is not classified as an element. … It is an allotrope of carbon.

Metals are generally hard, opaque, and shiny materials that exhibit good electrical and thermal conductivity. Although approximately 91 of the 118 elements of the periodic table are metals, they can be either elements, compounds, or alloys.

Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity while non-metals are not. Mercury is the only metal that doesn’t conduct electricity and graphite is the only non-metal which conduct electricity. Metals have the valance electrons of either 1, 2 or 3, while non-metals have more than 3.

Use of metals:

To make cooking wares.

In making electric appliances, electric wires, fridge etc.

Sheets of aluminium and iron for buildings materials.

In manufacturing jewellery from gold, silver, coins and from copper, aluminium etc.

Not only does your body need metals such as zinc and copper to function properly, but without metals your computers wouldn’t exist. … The earth itself has many elements, with about 80% of them being metals. Infinitely recyclable, metals are used in all sorts of objects and products, from cosmetics to batteries.

Instead, many essential metals are needed to activate enzymes — molecules with important jobs in the body. And metals have many other essential roles as well. … It also helps to regulate blood pressure and blood sugar and enables muscles to contract, nerves to send messages, blood to clot, and enzymes to work.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter 3

NCERT Solutions for class 10 science Chapter 3-Metals and Non-metals helps students in learning concepts given in the textbook in details. NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science, provides answers to all the questions printed at the end of every chapter as well as the questions included within a chapter. These solutions are prepared by our subject experts who are highly experienced. The solutions created accurate and can be referred by the students to prepare for their CBSE Term I Science exam. The pictorial language is straightforward and easy to understand. The concepts are explained with steps, diagrams and tricks to remember chemical reactions and formulae.

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