The NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology not only covers the full CBSE syllabus but they are also enough to cover the basics of all the topics required in competitive exams such as JEE and NEET.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology has been given in the links below. Students can access these solutions directly by clicking on the links given below. The PDF files given can also be downloaded and viewed at your convenience.
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology
Biology is the study of life. The main aim of biologists is to study the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, and distribution of living organisms. It is a very vast subject. NCERT (National Council of Education and Training) follows a curriculum for schools that follows CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education). The NCERT solutions provide comprehensive learning and allow students to develop skills with logical reasoning. The difficult topics and concepts are simplified and explained in these solutions to make them easier.
NCERT Class 12 Biology Unit-wise marks Distribution
| Unit | Title | Marks |
| VI | Reproduction | 16 |
| VII | Genetics and Evolution | 20 |
| VIII | Biology and Human Welfare | 12 |
| IX | Biotechnology and its Applications | 12 |
| X | Ecology and Environment | 10 |
| Total | 70 |
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology in English Free PDF Download
The Class 12 Biology Syllabus includes themes like reproduction, evaluation, biotechnology, ecology, and so on. We have shared the NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology all chapters in pdf format below.
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Biology Chapter-wise Free PDF Download | |
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Chapter 1: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
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Chapter 2: Human Reproduction
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Chapter 3: Reproductive Health
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Chapter 4: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
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Chapter 5: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
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Chapter 6: Evolution
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Chapter 7: Human Health and Disease
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Chapter 8: Microbes in Human Welfare
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Chapter 9 : Biotechnology: Principles and Processes
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Chapter 10: Biotechnology and its Applications
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Chapter 11: Organisms and Populations
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Chapter 12: Ecosystem
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Chapter 13: Biodiversity and Conservation
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NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Biology – Chapter-Wise
The NCERT Solutions Class 12 textbook of biology covers topics such as Reproduction, Inheritance, Evolution, Food production, Ecosystems, and so on. The book displays diagrams for easy understanding of the text.
Unit-VI Reproduction
Chapter 2 Sexual reproduction in Flowering plants
The process of sexual reproduction, structure, and morphology of plants are included in the chapter. The sub-concepts involved are pre-fertilization events, double fertilization, post-fertilization event,s and processes such as apomixis and polyembryony.
Chapter 3 Human Reproduction
The chapter covers the human male and female reproductive systems. The diagrams, pictures, illustrations, flowcharts, and simple-to-understand language. The sub-concepts included in the chapter are: Male and female reproductive structures, male reproductive system, female reproductive systems, sex hormones (function and roles), gametogenesis (male and female), and so on.
Chapter 4 Reproductive health
The chapter covers the importance of reproductive health and methods to achieve it. The maternal health and health of the infant during different phases of pregnancy are also covered. The sub-concepts involved are: Reproductive health, Birth control (meaning and measures), Medical termination of pregnancy, sexually transmitted diseases, and infertility.
Unit-VII Genetics and Evolution
Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
The chapter covers the topics of Genetics and evolution. Genetics cover similarities and variations in the parents and offspring. The topic of genetics involves Mendel’s laws of inheritance, inheritance of one and two genes, determination of sex, mutations and some genetic disorders. Evolution covers the origin of life, Darwin’s theory of natural selection, different theories related to evolution, evidences of evolution, and so on.
Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
The chapter covers diagrams to understand the basic structures of DNA, RNA, replication and so on. The topics are the structure of DNA including the structure of the polynucleotide chain, packaging of the DNA helix, RNA structure, the process of replication, transcription, types of RNA, genetic code, operon models and human genome project.
Chapter-7: Evolution
The chapter covers the study of history of different life forms on the earth. The origin of life and evolution of the life forms is covered in the chapter. Different flowcharts, illustrations, diagrams displayed in the textbook make the topic easier.
Unit-VIII: Biology and Human Welfare
Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases
The chapter covers Health which is the maintenance of the body functions, diseases, treatment and prevention. The forms of immunity displayed in the body and their encounter to diseases like AIDS, Cancer, and adolescence issues along with drugs and alcohol abuse are covered in the chapter.
Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes are microorganisms or tiny organisms that can only with seen under the microscope. These are tiny living organisms that are invisible to the naked eye and are present in our surroundings. They play an important role in the evolution of the planet earth. The disease-causing organisms are known as pathogens.
Unit IX: Biotechnology and its Applications
Chapter-11: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Biotechnology is the process of integration of natural science and organisms, cells and other parts for products and services. The chapter covers the study of the basic principles involved in the biotechnology, some core techniques involved are genetic engineering and manufacturing of antibiotics, drugs and other vaccines.
Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Applications
The chapter addresses the technique of biotechnology into how human beings have used biotechnology to improve the quality of life in food production and health. Certain microbes, plants, animals, and other metabolic machinery have been provided useful by biotechnology to humans.
Unit-X Ecology and Environment
Chapter-13: Organisms and Populations
Population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution. (Topics excluded: Organism and its Environment, Major Aboitic Factors, Responses to Abioitic Factors, Adaptations)
Chapter-14: Ecosystem
An ecosystem is the functional unit of the environment where the living organisms interact among themselves and with the surrounding environment. The chapter covers Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy (Topics excluded: Ecological Succession and Nutrient Cycles).
Chapter-15: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity-Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
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