NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5: Periodic Classification of Elements

Adda247 provides NCERT Solutions for class 10 Science. The NCERT Solutions provided here will enhance the concepts of the students, as well as suggest alternative methods to solve particular problems to the teachers.

Chemistry is much more than the language of Science. We aim to aid the students with answering the questions correctly using logical approach and methodology. The NCERT Solutions provide ample material to enable students to form a good base with the fundamentals of the subject.

Class 10 board examination is the most crucial exam in every students’ life. Their future studies and career depend on the mark secured in the board exams. Every student works hard to score well in class 10 CBSE examinations. Science among all the subjects of class 10 has a vital role in every student’s career. Science teaches us how the world and our environment is made. The students can secure better marks in the science subject if they want to become a doctor or an engineer in future. It is important that they should prepare and study hard for this subject so they don’t lose marks.

For the students in Class 10 Science is a great book to refer to. The Class 10 Science Solutions are available chapter-wise at Adda247 and can prove to be very useful for the students. Whether you are struggling to grasp the concepts of various topics in the chapters or willing to push yourself to score better in the exams, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science PDF is the answer for you. These solutions are provided in an easy-to-understand language and will promote self-learning among students. The CBSE Class 10 Science Solutions, available for all the chapters, encourage a spirit of learning among students. Can learn all the chapters by following the NCERT Science Class 10 Solutions without even having to step out of their homes.

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 1

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 2

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 3

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 4

Read: NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 5

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 PDF Download

Adda247 provides the downloadable PDF of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science absolutely free of cost. All you need to do is register on the site and download the file. At Adda247, these solutions are designed by subject matter experts who have immense knowledge and experience. These are designed as per the latest NCERT guidelines and exam pattern to make it a reliable material for exam preparation.

While solving the textbook questions, students often find doubts and get confused. The NCERT Solutions for Class 10 come in handy at such times, as they include precise explanations and detailed answers to those questions. These CBSE Class 10 Science NCERT Solutions cover solutions to all the important chapters included in the textbook-like Matter, Atom, tissues, Living Organisms, Motion, Force, Law of Motion, Gravitation, Energy and work, Sound, Natural Resources, etc.

Along with answers to the textbook questions, these solutions provide you extra questions, exemplar problems, their solutions as well as tips and tricks.

CLICK Here! To Download Full NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 5 PDF

 

Benefits of NCERT Solutions Science Class 10 Chapter 5

The benefits of Class 10 Science Chapter 5 solutions are endless and will clear doubts for every candidate, as all prospective questions on these topics are answered here.

• NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Science provides a clear insight into combustion and flame.
• The solutions are given into simple language and can be understood by all students.
• The solutions are given by experts.
• All the topics that can appear in the exams are covered thoroughly in these solutions for the students to gain more marks in the examination.

 

NCERT Solutions Class 10 Science Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements

Periodic classification of elements is the method by which elements are grouped on the basis of their characteristics i.e. we keep the elements that are alike in one group and the rest of the elements in the other group.

Mendeléev arranged the elements based on their (elements) fundamental property, the atomic mass, as well as on the similarity of chemical properties. During the Mendeleev’s time, only 63 elements were known. Mendeléev’s Periodic Table consists of vertical columns known as ‘groups’ and horizontal rows known as ‘periods.

Elements in modern periodic table are arranged on the basis of increasing atomic masses.

Need for classification of elements

1. Classification helps us to understand the properties of the elements and their compounds.
2. Based on their position in the periodic table one can predict the properties of the elements and their compounds.

 

Memorization Strategies

Break down the table into sections. …

Spread out the memorization process. …

Learn the elements in a song. …

Make nonsense words made from element symbols. …

Use colour to learn element groups. …

Use a mnemonic device to help remember the order of the elements.

 

Need for periodic classification

It enables chemists to analyse and understand the properties of the elements and their compounds more systematically and orderly. It enables chemists to predict the properties of the elements and their compounds based on their positions in the Periodic Table, and vice versa.

Some of the popular methods were Dobereiner’s triads and Newland’s law of octaves. The categorization of elements in a tabular form according to their properties was a popular method of categorization and this is known as the periodic table.

The Modern Periodic Law states that the chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers i.e. if elements are arranged in the order of their increasing atomic number, the elements with similar properties are repeated after certain regular intervals.

 

118 elements

At present, 118 elements are known to us. All these have different properties. Out of these 118, only 94 are naturally occurring. As different elements were being discovered, scientists gathered more and more information about the properties of these elements.

 

The number of elements discovered has increased, making it difficult to remember the behaviour and properties of these elements. Hence it is important to classify elements according to their properties. … It helps us understand how different elements form different compounds.

Early chemists attempted to classify the elements according to their atomic weights – what we now call relative atomic mass. They could see that relative atomic masses of the elements increased by steps. … They also contained errors – some elements that were not similar were placed together.

 

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science chapter 5 Important Questions

Reason for inclusion of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5 is to help students understand the classification of different elements. The classification varies on the basis of characteristics, which is whether elements on this table are metal, non-metal. This chapter has been divided into various segments raging from Dobereiner’s table, Mendeleev’s and their disadvantages as well as advantages.

With various activities, this chapter aims to help students to enhance their process of learning by making it easy and interesting.

  

Question :1 Which of the following statements is not a correct statement about the trends when going from left to right across the periods of periodic table.

1. The elements become less metallic in nature.
2. The number of valence electrons increases.
3. The atoms lose their electrons more easily
4. The oxides become more acidic.

Answer :

Correct answer is c. The atoms lose their electrons more easily.

The atoms lose their electrons more easily is a wrong statement because as we move from left to right across the periods of the periodic table, the non-metallic character increases. Therefore tendency to lose an electron decreases.

 

Question :2 Element X forms a chloride with the formula XCl2, which is a solid with a high melting point, X would most likely be in the same group of the periodic table as

1. Na
2. Mg
3. Al
4. Si

Answer :

Magnesium IA the answer because My has the valency 2 which is same as the group

1. Na
2. Mg
3. Al
4. Si

Also Mg when combines chloride forms MgCl2.

 

Question :3 What element has?

1. Two shells, both of which are completely filled with electrons?
2. The electronic configuration 2, 8, 2?
3. A total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell?
4. A total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell?
5. Twice as many electrons in its second she’ll as in its first shell?

Answer :

1. Neon has two shells which are completely filled.
2. Magnesium has electronic configuration 2, 8, 2.
3. Silicon has a total of three shells, with four electrons in its valence shell.
4. Boron a total of two shells, with three electrons in its valence shell.
5. Carbon has twice as many electrons in its second she’ll as in its first shell.

 

Question :4

1. What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic table as boron have in common?
2. What property do all elements in the same column of the Periodic table as fluorine have in common?

Answer :

13. All the elements which lie in the same column as that of boron belong to group 13. Therefore, they have three electrons in their respective valence shells. Except, boron which is a non-metal, all other elements in this group are metals.
14. All elements in the same column of the periodic table as fluorine have in common three electrons in their valence shell and they all are belong to group thirteen.

  

Question :5 An atom has electronic configuration 2, 8, 7.

1. What is the atomic number of this element?
2. To which of the following elements would it be chemically similar? N(7), F(9), P(15), Ar(18).

 

Answer :

1. The element with electronic configuration (2+8+7) 17 is chlorine.

The no. of atomic number  = no. of electrons

Therefore, atomic number is 17.

 

1. An atom with electronic configuration 2, 8, 7 would be chemically similar to F(9).

 

 

Question :6 The position of three elements A,  B and C in the periodic table are shown below-

Group 16	Group 17
–	–
–	A
–	–
B	C

 

1. State whether A is a metal or non-metal.
2. State whether C is more reactive than A.
3. Will C be larger or smaller in size than B?
4. Which type of ion, cation or anion, will be formed by element A?

Answer:

1. Element A is a non-metal.
2. Element C is less reactive than Element A.
3. C is smaller in size than B.
4. A will form anion. 

 

Question :7 Nitrogen and phosphorous belong to group 15 of the periodic table. Write the electronic configuration of these two elements. Which of these will be more electronegativity?  Why?

Answer:

The electronic configuration of the element Nitrogen (N) is (2,5).

The electronic configuration of the element Phosphorus (P) is (2,8,5)

So, Nitrogen will be more electronegative than Phosphorus because its atom has a small size due to which the attraction of its nucleus for the incoming electron is more.

 

Question :8 How does the electronic configuration of an atom relate to its position in the Modern Periodic Table?

Answer :

The number of valence electrons decides an atom’s position in the periodic table while the electronic configuration decides the number of valence electrons.

 

Question :9 In the Modern Periodic Table, calcium is surrounded by elements with atomic numbers 12, 19, 21 and 38. Which of these have physical and chemical properties resembling calcium?

Answer :

Calcium has an atomic number of 20, and thus has an electronic configuration of 2, 8, 8, 2. Thus, calcium has 2 valence electrons. The electronic configuration of the element having atomic number 12 is 2, 8, 2. Thus, this element with 2 valence electrons resemble calcium the most.

 

Question :10 Compare and contrast the arrangement of elements in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and the Modern Periodic Table.

Answer:

Mendeleev’s Periodic Table	Modern periodic table.
Elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses.	Elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic numbers.
There are 8 groups.	There are 18 groups.
Each groups are subdivided into sub groups ‘a’ and ‘b’.	Groups are not subdivided into sub-groups.
Groups for Noble gas was not present as noble gases were not discovered by that time.	A separate group is meant for noble gases.
There was no place for isotopes.	This problem has been rectified as slots are determined according to atomic number.

 

Que. 1 Use Mendeleev’s Periodic Table to predict the formulae for the oxides of the following elements: K, C, Al, Si, Ba.

 

Answer:

The element K is in I group of Mendeleev’s periodic table in which general formula is R2O. So

1. formula of oxide of K is K2O

2. Element C is in group IV of Mendeleev’s periodic table .General formula of oxide is R2O so formula of oxide is CO2
3. Similarly oxide of Al is Al2O3.
4. Formula of Si oxide is SiO2.
5. Oxide of Ba is BaO.

  

Que.2 Besides gallium, which other elements have since been discovered that were left by Mendeleev’s in his Periodic Table?

Answer :

Germanium and Scandium are the element that are left by Mendeleev in his Periodic Table since its discovery.

 

Que.3 What were the criteria used by Mendeleev in creating his Periodic Table?

Answer :

Mendeleev concentrated on various compounds formed by the elements with Hydrogen and Oxygen. Among physical properties, he observed the relationship between the atomic masses of various elements while creating his periodic table.

 

Que. 4 Why do you think the noble gases are placed I’m a separate group?

Ans.

Noble gases are placed in a separate group because of their inert nature and low concentration in our atmosphere. They are kept in a separate group called Zero group so that they don’t disturb the existing order.

 

Que.5 How could the Modern Periodic Table remove various anomalies of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table?

Answer:

1. In the Modern Periodic Table atomic number of an elements is a more fundamental property than its atomic mass.
2. The anomalous position of hydrogen can be discussed after we see what are the basis on which the position of an elements in the Modern Periodic Table depends.
3. The elements present in any one group have the same number of valence electrons.
4. Atoms of different elements with the same number of occupied shells are placed in the same period.
5. In the Modern Periodic Table, a zig-zag line separated metals from non-metals.

 

Que.6 Name two elements you would expect to show chemical reactions similar to magnesium. What is the basis for your choice?  

Ans.

Calcium and Beryllium are similar to Magnesium because all the three elements belong to the same group and have 2 valence electrons in their outer shell.

 

Que.7 Name

1. Three elements that have a single electron in their outermost shells.
2. Two elements that have two electrons in their outermost shells.
3. Three elements with filled outermost shells.

Ans.

1. Lithium, Sodium and potassium have a single electron in their outermost shells.
2. Magnesium and Calcium have two electrons in their outermost shells.
3. Neon, Argon, and Xenon filled outermost shells.

 

 

Que.8

1. Lithium, sodium, potassium are all metals that react with water to liberate hydrogen gas. Is there any similarity in the atoms of these elements?
2. Helium is an interactive gas and neon is a gas of extremely low reactivity. What, if anything, do their atoms have in common?

Ans.

They have one valence electron in their outermost shells and as a result of this, they are very unstable. So, they readily react with water to liberate hydrogen. They are also called alkali metals.

Their outermost shells are full leading to high stability. They react only in extreme circumstances and hence are called noble gases. 

 

Que.9 In the Modern Periodic Table, which are the metals among the first ten elements?

Ans.

Lithium and Beryllium are the metals among the first ten elements in Modern Periodic Table.

 

 

Que.10. By considering their position in the Periodic Table, which one of the following elements would you expect to have maximum metallic characteristic? Ga, Ge, As, Se, Be.

 

Ans.

Among the elements listed in the question. Be and GA are expected to be most metallic. Out of Be, and Ga, is bigger in size and hence has greater tendency to lose electrons than Be. Therefore, Ga is more metallic than Be.

 

Key features of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Chapter 5

• These solutions will enables the students to have an overall idea of the topic.
• Every students prefers to revise all the chapters before any examination. These NCERT Solutions will help them to cover all the subtopics in minimal time.
• These NCERT Solutions will help students to understand and remember the concepts of large and confusing chapters.
• The downloaded version of NCERT Solutions for Class 10th Science allows the students to have access to it all time.
• The CBSE Class 10 Science solutions ensure high scores for all types of students.
• The NCERT Class 10 Science encourages students to perform several activities to understand the concepts better.

 

Sharing is caring!