NCERT Solutions For Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 Chemistry in Everyday Life| Download Free PDF

Adda247 provides NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 named Chemistry in Everyday Life. The NCERT Solutions provided here will enhance the concepts of the students, as well as suggest alternative methods to solve particular questions to the teachers as well.

NCERT Solution for Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16

Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 deals with the application of Chemicals and chemical process in daily life. The chapter also includes topics related to types of drugs and its categorization like those present in foods, cleansing agents, the beneficial action of different classes of drugs, and drug-target interaction. The chapter renders some knowledge about chemicals.

In this regard, the Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 16 CBSE NCERT Solutions are essential for every student. Candidates can check the notes below.

Key Features of NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Chemistry

Some of the important highlights of the official solutions for chemistry chapter 16 provided here are:

• It provides a complete overview of the chapter.
• Comes handy when revising.
• The complex subject of Biomolecules is explained in simple language.
• Clear doubts that may arise while going through the chapter.
• Helps in preparation of not only board exams but also in other competitive exams.
• Contains diagrams.

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NCERT 12th Chemistry Chapter 16 Questions and Solutions

Q.1) Why do we need to classify drugs in different ways?

Answer: The classification of drugs and the reasons for classification are as follows:

(i) On the basis of pharmacological effect:

This classification provides doctors the whole range of drugs available for the treatment of a particular type of problem. Hence, such a classification is very useful to doctors.

(ii) On the basis of drug action:

This classification is based on the action of a drug on a particular biochemical process. Thus, this classification is important.

(iii) On the basis of chemical structure:

This classification provides the range of drugs sharing common structural features and often having similar pharmacological activity.

(iv) On the basis of molecular targets:

This classification provides medicinal chemists the drugs having the same mechanism of action on targets. Hence, it is the most useful to medicinal chemists.

Q.2) Explain the term, target molecules or drug targets.

Answer: In medical chemistry, drug targets refer to the key molecules involved in certain metabolic pathways that result in specific disease. Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are examples of drug targets.

Drugs are chemical agents designed to inhibit these target molecules by binding with the active sites of the key molecules.

Q.3) Name the macromolecules that are chosen as drug targets.

Answer: The macromolecules chosen as drug targets are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Q.4) Why should not medicines be taken without consulting doctors?

Answer: A medicine can bind to more than one receptor site. Thus, a medicine may be toxic for some receptor sites. As a result, medicines may be poisonous in such cases. Hence, medicines should not be taken without consulting doctors.

Q.5) Define the term chemotherapy.

Answer: The use of chemicals for therapeutic effect is called chemotherapy.

For example, the use of chemicals in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases.

Q.6) Which forces are involved in holding the drugs to the active site of enzymes?

Answer:

Either of the following forces can be involved in holding drugs to the active sites of enzymes .

i.)   Ionic bonding.

ii.) Hydrogen bonding.

iii.) Dipole – dipole interaction.

iv.) Van der Waals forces.

Q.7) While antacids and antiallergic drugs interfere with the function of histamines, why do these not interfere with the function of each other?

Answer: Specific drugs affect particular receptors. Antacids and anti – allergic drugs work on different receptors. This is the reason why antacids and anti – allergic drugs do not interfere with each other’s function, but interfere with the functions of histamines.

Q.8) Low level of noradrenaline is the cause of depression. what type of drugs are needed to cure this problem? Name two drugs.

Answer: Anti – depressant drugs are needed to counteract the effect of depression. these drugs inhibit enzymes catalysing the degradation of the neurotransmitter, noradrenaline. As a result, the important neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and then it can activate its receptor for longer period of time.

Two anti – depressant drugs are:

i.)   Iproniazid.

ii.) Phenelzine

Q.9) How do antiseptics differ from disinfectants? Give one example of each.

Answer: Antiseptic are applied to wounds, cuts, diseased skin surfaces or we can simply say that applied on living tissues. Ex-Bithionl(bithional) used in soaps to provide antiseptic also dettol the most famous one is an antiseptic mixture of chloroxylenol and terpineol.

Whereas Disinfectant are applied to objects that we usually use or we can say inanimate object like floor, instruments, toys etc. Ex-Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4ppm in aq. Solution and sulphur dioxide in very low concentration.

Sometime disinfectant can act as antiseptic by varying there concentration. Ex-0.2% solution of phenol is an antiseptic while it’s 1% solution is disinfectant.

Q.10) Why are cimetidine and ranitidine better antacids than sodium hydrogencarbonate or magnesium or aluminium hydroxide ?

Answer: Antacids such as sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminium hydroxide work by neutralising the excess hydrochloric acid present in the stomach. However, the root cause for the release of excess acid remains untreated.

Cimetidine and rantidine are better antacids as they control the root cause of acidity. These drugs prevent the interaction of histamine with the receptors present in the stomach walls. Consequently, there is a decrease in the amount of acid released by the stomach. This is why cimetidine and rantidine are better antacids than sodium hydrogen carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminium hydroxide.

Q.11) Name a substance which can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant.

Answer: Phenol can be used as an antiseptic as well as disinfectant. 0.2 % solution of phenol is used as an antiseptic, while 1% of its solution is used as an disinfectant.

Q.12) What is tincture of iodine? What is its use?
Answer: 2-3% solution of iodine in alcohol and water is called tincture of iodine. It is a powerful antiseptic. It is applied on wounds.

Q.13. What are artificial sweetening agents? Give two examples.
Answer: Artificial sweeteners are chemical substances which are sweet in taste but do not add any calories to our body. They are excreted as such through urine. For example, saccharin, aspartame, alitame etc.

Q.14) What problem arises in using alitame as artificial sweetener?
Answer: Alitame is a high potency artificial sweetener. Therefore, it is difficult to control the sweetness of the food to which it is added.

Q.15) Name the sweetening agent used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.
Answer: Saccharine, aspartame or alitame may be used in the preparation of sweets for a diabetic patient.

Q.16) How are synthetic detergents better than soaps?
Answer: They can be used in hard water as well as in acidic solution. The reason being that sulphonic acids and their calcium and magnesium salts are soluble in water thus they do not form curdy white precipitate with hard water but the fatty acids and their calcium and magnesium salts of soaps are insoluble. Detergents also works in slightly acidic solution due to formation of soluble alkyl hydrogen sulphates. Soaps react with acidic solution to form insoluble fatty acids.

Q.17) Why do soaps not work in hard water? (C.B.S.E. Outside Delhi 2009, 2011)
Answer: Soaps are water soluble sodium or potassium salts of higher fatty acids like palmitic acid (C₁₅H₃₁COOH), oleic acid (C₁₇H₃₃COOH) and stearic acid (C₁₇H₃₅COOH). Hard water contains certain calcium and magnesium salts which combine with soaps to form corresponding magnesium compounds. These being insoluble, get separated as curdy white precipitates resulting in wastage of soap.

Q.18) What are biodegradable and non-biodegradable detergents? Give one example of each.
Answer: Detergents having straight chain hydrocarbons are easily degraded (or decomposed) by microorganisms and hence are called biodegradable detergents while detergents containing branched hydrocarbon chains are not easily degraded by the microorganisms find hence are called non-biodegradable detergents. Consequently, non-biodegradable detergents accumulate in rivers and water ways thereby causing severe water pollution. Examples of biodegradable detergents are sodium lauryl sulphate, sodium 4-(-l-dodecyl) benzenesulphonate and sodium 4-(2-dodecyl) benzenesulphonate.
Examples of non-biodegradable detergents is sodium 4-(1, 3,5,7 – tetramethyloctyl) benzene sulphonate.

Q.19) Can you use soaps and synthetic detergents to check the hardness of water?
Answer: Soaps get precipitated as insoluble calcium and magnesium soaps in hard water but detergents do not. Therefore, soaps but not synthetic detergents can be used to check the hardness of water.

Q.20) If water contains dissolved calcium hydrogencarbonate, out of soaps and synthetic detergents, which one will you use for cleaning clothes?
Answer: Calcium hydrogencarbonate makes water hard. Therefore, soap cannot be used because it gets precipitated in hard water. On the other hand, a synthetic detergent does not precipitate in hard water because its calcium salt is also soluble in water. Therefore, synthetic detergents can be used for cleaning clothes in hard water.

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