TNPSC Free Notes Chemistry – Classification of Acids and Base

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Classification of Acids And Base

Classification of Acids

Based on their sources
 Organic Acids
o Acids present in plants and animals (living things) are organic acids.
o Example: HCOOH, CH 3 COOH
 Inorganic Acids
o Acids prepared from rocks and minerals are inorganic acids or mineral acids.
o Example: HCl, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4
Based on their Basicity
 Monobasic Acid
o Acid that contain only one replaceable hydrogen atom per molecule iscalled
monobasic acid. It gives one hydrogen ion per molecule of the acid in solution.
o Example: HCl, HNO 3
 Dibasic Acid

o An acid which gives two hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution.
o Example: H 2 SO 4 , H 2 CO 3
 Tribasic Acid
o An acid which gives three hydrogen ions per molecule of the acid in solution.
o Example: H 3 PO 4
Based on Ionisation
Acids get ionised in water (produce H+ ions) completely or partially. Based on the extent of
ionisation acids are classified as
 Strong Acids
o These are acids that ionize completely in water. Example: HCl
 Weak Acids
o These are acids that ionize partially in water. Example: CH 3 COOH.

Based on Concentration
 Concentrated Acid
o It has relatively large amount of acid dissolved in a solvent.
 Dilute Acid
o It has relatively smaller amount of acid dissolved in solvent.
Classification of Bases
Based on their Acidity
 Monoacidic Base
o It is a base that ionises in water to give one hydroxide ion per molecule.
o Example: NaOH, KOH
 Diacidic Base
o It is a base that ionises in water to give two hydroxide ions per molecule.
o Example: Ca(OH) 2 . Mg(OH) 2
 Triacidic Base
o It is a base that ionises in water to give three hydroxide ions per molecule.
o Example:Al(OH) 3 , Fe(OH) 3
Based on concentration
 Concentrated Alkali
o It is an alkali having a relatively high percentage of alkali in its aqueous solution.

 Dilute Alkali
o It is an alkali having a relatively low percentage of alkali in its aqueous solution.
Based on Ionisation
 Strong Bases
o These are bases which ionize completely in aqueous solution.
o Example: NaOH, KOH
 Weak Bases
o These are bases that ionize partially in aqueous solution.
o Example:NH4OH, Ca(OH) 2

Alkalis
 Bases that are soluble in water are called alkalis.
 All alkalis are bases but not all bases are alkalis.
 For example: NaOH and KOH are alkalis whereas Al(OH) 3 and Zn(OH) 2 are bases.
 sodium hydroxide ionizes in water to give hydroxyl ions and thus get dissolved in water.
So it is an alkali.

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