TNPSC Free Notes Economy In English-Types of Industries

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Types of Industries

Large Scale Industries
The term ‘Large-scale industries’ refers to those industries which require huge
infrastructure, man-power and a have influx of capital assets.
The term ‘large-scale industries’ is a generic one including various types of industries in its
purview.
All the heavy industries of India like the iron and steel industry, textile industry, automobile
manufacturing industry fall under the large-scale industrial arena.
However, in recent years due to the IT boom and the huge amount of revenue generated by
it, the IT industry can also be included within the jurisdiction of the large-scale industrial
sector.
Indian economy is heavily dependent on these large industries for its economic growth,
generation of foreign currency and for providing job opportunities to millions of Indians.
Small Scale Industries
Small scale industries play an important role for the development of Indian economy in
many ways.
About 60 to 70 per cent of the total innovations in India comes from the SSIs.
Many of the big businesses today were all started small and then nurtured into big
businesses.
Role of SSIs in Economic Development
Provide Employment
SSIs use labour intensive techniques. Hence, they provide employment opportunities to
a large number of people. Thus, they reduce the unemployment problem to a great
extent.
The employment-capital ratio is high for the SSIs.
Bring Balanced Regional Development
SSIs promote decentralised development of industries as most of the SSIs are set up in
backward and rural areas.
They remove regional disparities by industrializing rural and backward areas and bring
balanced regional development.

They help in improving the standard of living of people residing in suburban and rural
areas in India.
Help in Mobilization of Local Resources
SSIs help to mobilize and utilize local resources like small savings, entrepreneurial talent
etc., of the entrepreneurs, which might otherwise remain idle and unutilized.
They help to improve the growth of local entrepreneurs and self-employed
professionals in small towns and villages in India.
Pave for Optimisation of Capital
SSIs require less capital per unit of output. They provide a quick return on investment
due to the shorter gestation period. The payback period is quite short in SSIs.
SSIs function as a stabilizing force by providing high output-capital ratio as well as high
employment capital ratio.
Promote Exports
SSIs do not require sophisticated machinery. Hence, import the machines from abroad is
not necessary. On the other hand, there is a great demand for goods produced by
SSIs. Thus they reduce the pressure on the country’s balance of payments.
However, in the recent past, large scale industries are able to borrow large funds with
low interest rate and spend large sums on advertisements. Hence SSSs are gradually
vanishing.
SSIs earn valuable foreign exchange through exports from India.
Complement Large Scale Industries
SSIs play a complementary role to large-scale sector and support the large scale
industries.
SSIs provide parts, components, accessories to large scale industries and meet the
requirements of large scale industries through setting up units near the large scale
units.
Meet Consumer Demands
SSIs produce a wide range of products required by consumers in India.
Hence, they serve as an anti-inflationary force by providing goods of daily use.
Develop Entrepreneurship
SSIs help to develop a class of entrepreneurs in the society. They help the job seekers to
become job givers.
They promote self-employment and a spirit of self-reliance in the society.
SSIs help to increase the per capita income of India in various ways.
They facilitate the development of backward areas and weaker sections of the society.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Manufacturing Enterprises
Micro Manufacturing Enterprises: The investment in plant and machinery does not exceed
Rs. 25 lakhs.
Small Manufacturing Enterprises: The investment in plant and machinery is more than
twenty-five lakh rupees but does not exceed Rs. 5 crores.
Medium Manufacturing Enterprises: The investment in plant and machinery is more than
Rs. 5 crores but not exceeding Rs. 10 crores.
Service Enterprises
Micro Service Enterprises: The investment in equipment does not exceed Rs. 10 lakhs.
Small Service Industries: The investment in equipment is more than Rs. 10 lakhs but does
not exceed Rs. 2 crores.
Medium Service Enterprises: The investment in equipment is more than Rs. 2 crores but
does not exceed Rs. 5 crores.

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