TNPSC Free Notes History – Later mugals and decline

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Later mugals and decline

Bahadur Shah (1707-1712)
 After the death of Aurangazeb, Muazzam, the eldest son of Aurangazeb, 62 years old,
became the emperor after a long war of succession.
 He was not well experienced in the political affairs of India.
 He released Shahu, Maratha prince and son of Sambaji who was imprisioned during
Battle of Sangameshwar between Aurangazeb and Sambaji.
 He maintained good relationship with Marathas and Rajputs.
 He withdrew Jizya tax, a tax for non-muslims.
 Mewar and Marwar became independent.
 He tried to make peace with Sikhs and Jats.
 Central administration became weak.

Jahandar Shah (1712 -1713)
 He ascended to the throne with the help of Zulfiqar Khan.
 Lal Kunwar was Jahandar Shah’s mistress.
 He cared too little about administration which was looked upon entirely by Zulfikar
Khan.
 He believed that Rajputs help is needed for effective administration.

 So he appointed Ajit Singh of Marwar as Governor of Gujarat and gave him the title
“Maharaja”.
 He gave the title of “Mirza Raza Sawai” to Jai Singh of Amber and appointed him as the
Governor of Malwa.
 He assigned Shahu to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi from Deccan.
 Mughal authority’s decline can be clearly seen during his administration.
Farruk Siyar (1713 – 1719)
 He ascended to the throne with the help of Sayyid brothers- Abdullah Khan & Hussain
Ali Khan.
 He granted Golden Farman to English East India Company.
 Sikh leader Banda Bahadur was executed during his reign.
 He appointed Nizam-ul-mulk (Founder of Hyderabad) as the governor of Deccan.
 He abolished Jizya tax and followed a policy of religious tolerance.
 He was killed by the Sayyid brothers in 1719 with the help of Marathas.
 He was the first Mughal emperor killed by the nobles.
 Rafi-ud-daula (Shah Jahan II) was raised for quick succession but since he died early,
Raushan Akthar (Muhamad Shah) was made emperor.
Muhammad shah (1719 – 1748)
 He was given the title Rangeela since he celebrated Holi.
 He had pleasure loving nature.
 He killed Sayyid brothers with the help of Nizam-ul-mulk (Wazir) in 1720.
Emergence of Independent states
 Many independent states emerged due to the disintegration of Mughal empire
 Bengal – Murshid quil Khan (1717 – 1727)
 Oudh – Sadaath Khan
 Jats – Agriculturists around Agra and Mathura.
 They revolted and Badan Singh was able to set up a Jat state, Bharatpur.

Foreign invasions
Nadir shah
Nadir shah invaded in 1739 and took away the Koh-i-noor diamond and peacock throne (built
by shah Jahan).

Ahmed shah abdali
 He invaded in 1747.
 His intentions were not political but looting.
Shah Alam II (1759 -1806)
 His reign saw two important battles:
 Battle of Panipat III (1761) with Marathas and
 Battle of Buxar(1764) with British, which made Mughals a plaything of British.
Akbar II
 He succeeded Shah Alam II.
 He gave the title “RAJA” to Ram Mohan Roy.
Bahadur Shah II (1837 – 1862)
 He was the last ruler of Mughal empire.
 He participated in 1857 revolt and was exiled to Rangoon (Burma) and died in 1862.
Causes for Decline
 Aurangazeb’s misguided policies.
 Frequent war of successions questioned the stability of state.
 Weak and incompetent Later Mughals (rulers after Aurangazeb).
 Economic failure of Mughals due to administrative weakness.
 Mughal nobility made use of the crisis.
 The period also witnessed many powerful foreign invasions including Europeans.

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