TNPSC Free Notes History – Pallava Administration

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Pallava Administration

Administrative Divisions
 Administrative institutions followed by the Mauryan period were modified to fit for the
local people.
 Vedic tradition was followed for disciplined administration.
 Pallavas region extends from Nellore to Pennar river and some parts from Western
ghats to Bay of Bengal.
 For Administrative convenience, the empire is divided into Mandalam, Kottam, Nadu,
and Ur.
 Mandalam was followed by Rashtra, the biggest autonomous unit.
 Generally, the elder was to be appointed as Yuvaraja [Pallava Prince] a Governor, while
the king was in office.
 Direct control is in the hands of the king.
 Nadu is a division from Kottam. It is bigger than Ur/Village.
 In a village, there is a Nattar – Council of people.
 Further Mandalam is divided into several Kottam/Vishayas.
 Thondaimandalam consists of 24 Kottams.
 Officials are appointed by Kings.
 Ur is the smallest unit of all.
Central Administration
 Under the Pallavas, kinship was held to be of divine origin and was hereditary.
 They are the descendant of God Brahma.
 The king took high-sounding titles, some of which, such as maharaja, maharajadhiraja,
dharma rajathiraja were borrowed from north Indian traditions.
 The king was assisted by a group of ministers.
Council of Ministers
 Mantri Mandala was a council of ministers.
 Distinctions are made between amatyas and mantris. While a mantri is generally
understood to be a diplomat, amatya is a counsellor.
 Rahasyadhikrita was a private secretary of the king.
 Manikkappandaram-Kappan was an officer in charge of the treasury (Manikka –
valuables; Pandaram – treasury; Kappan – keeper).
 Kodukkappillai was the officer of gifts.
Judiciary

 Pallava dynasty has three types of courts.
 Dharmasena is the highest judicial organization. King is the head of Dharmasena.
 Judicial courts were called Adhikarna Mandapa and judges were called
Dharmadhikarins.
 Village courts were called Karnas. Village courts dealt with petty criminal cases. There is
no harsh and cruel punishments.
 Fines are mentioned in the Kasakudi plates of Nandivarma Pallava as Karanadandam
(fine in superior/ higher court) and Adhikaranadandam (fine in district level).
Land Grants & Village life
 Land ownership was with the king, who could make revenue grants to his officers and
land-grants to Brahmans, or else continue to have land cultivated by small-scale
cultivators and landlords.
 The villages with different caste population paid land revenue.
 The brahmadeya villages were donated to a single Brahman or a group of Brahmans.
 These villages tended to be more prosperous than the others because no tax was paid.
 There were devadana villages, donated to a temple, and the revenue was consequently
received by the temple authorities and not by the state.
 In the village, the basic assembly was the sabha, which was concerned with all matters
relating to the village, including endowments, land, irrigation, cultivated, punishment of
crime, the keeping of a census and other necessary records.
 The sabha was a formal institution but it worked closely with the urar, an informal
gathering of the entire village.
 The link between the village assembly and the official administration was the headman
of the village.
Irrigation
 A special category of land, eripatti or tank land, was known only in south India.
 This land was donated by individuals, the revenue from which was set apart for the
maintenance of the village tank.
 The tank, lined with brick or stone, was built through the cooperative effort of the
village, and its water was shared by all cultivators.
 Water was distributed by canals, which were fitted with sluices to regulate the water
level and prevent overflowing at the source.
 The distribution of water for irrigation was supervised by a special tank committee
appointed by the village.
 Irrigation Tax -Water taken in excess of allotted to a particular cultivator was taxed.

**************************************************************************