TNPSC Free Notes Physics In English – Motion and its types

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Motion and its types

 Mechanics is one of the oldest branches of physics. It deals with the study of particles or
bodies when they are at rest or in motion.
 Mechanics can be divided into statics and dynamics.
 Statics is the study of objects at rest; this requires the idea of forces in equilibrium.
 Dynamics is the study of moving objects. It comes from the Greek word dynamis which
means power.
 Dynamics is further subdivided into kinematics and kinetics.
 Kinematics is the study of the relationship between displacement, velocity, acceleration
and time of a given motion, without considering the forces that cause the motion.
 Kinetics deals with the relationship between the motion of bodies and forces acting on
them.
Motion:
Motion is the change in the position of an object with respect to its surrounding.
Types of motion:
I) based on Axis:

Motion in one dimension:
 One dimensional motion is the motion of a particle moving along a straight line.
 This motion is sometimes known as rectilinear or linear motion.
 An ant moving in a straight line and running athlete.
Motion in two dimensions:
 If a particle is moving along a curved path in a plane, then it is said to be in two
dimensional motion.
 A body moving in a plane.
Motion in three dimension:
 A particle moving in usual three dimensional space has three dimensional motion.
 Motion of a flying bird
 Motion of a kite in the sky
II) Based on direction:
Linear motion:
 An object is said to be in linear motion if it moves in a straight line.
 A particle falling vertically downwards to the Earth.
Circular motion:
 Circular motion is defined as a motion described by an object traversing a circular path.
 The whirling motion of a stone attached to a string
Oscillatory motion:
 If an object or particle executes a to–and– fro motion about a fixed point, it is said to be
in vibratory motion. This is sometimes also called oscillatory motion.
 Vibration of a string on a guitar
Random motion:
 Movement of an object in random manner.
 Movement of particles in colloidal solution.
iii) Based on distance and time:
Uniform motion:
An object is said to be in uniform motion if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.

Non uniform motion:
An object is said to be in Non uniform motion if it covers unequal distances in equal intervals
of time.
Projectile Motion:
A body thrown with some initial velocity and then allowed to move under the action of gravity
alone, is known as a projectile.If we observe the path of the projectile, we find that the projectile
moves in a path, which can be considered as a part of parabola. Such a motion is known as
projectile motion.

Angle of projection:
The angle between the initial direction of projection and the horizontaldirection through the point
of projection is called the angle of projection.
Velocity of projection:
The velocity with which the body is projected is known as velocity of projection.
Range:
Range of a projectile is the horizontal distance between the point ofprojection and the point
where the projectile hits the ground.
Trajectory:
The path described by the projectile is called the trajectory.
Time of flight:
Time of flight is the total time taken by the projectile from the Instant of projection till it strikes
the ground.

Examples:
 a bomb thrown from an aero plane
 a javelin or a shot-put thrown by an athlete
 Motion of a ball hit by a cricket bat etc.

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