TNPSC Free Notes Polity In English-Montague – Chelmsford Reforms of 1919

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Montague-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919

Introduction

This Act is popularly known as Montague-Chelmsford Reforms. At that time Lord Chelmsford
was the Viceroy of India.
Background
 The political developments in India during the First World War such as the Home Rule
Movement led to the August Declaration.
 On 20th August, 1917 Montague, the Secretary of State for India made a momentous
declaration in the House of Commons.
 His declaration assured the introduction of responsible government in India in different
stages.
 As a first measure the Government of India Act of 1919 was passed by the Parliament of
England.
Features of the Act were:
 Dyarchy was introduced in the provinces. Provincial subjects were divided into
“Reserved Subjects” such as police, jails, land revenue, irrigation and forests and
“Transferred Subjects” such as education, local self-government, public health,
sanitation, agriculture and industries.
 The Reserved subjects were to be administered by the Governor and his Executive
Council. The Transferred subjects by the Governor and his ministers.
 A bicameral (Two Chambers) legislature was set up at the centre. It consisted of the
Council of States and the Legislative Assembly.
 The total member in the Legislative Assembly was to be a maximum of 145, out of which
105 were to be elected and the remaining nominated.
 In the Council of States there would be a maximum of 60 members out of which 34
were elected and the remaining nominated.
 The salaries of the Secretary of State for India and his assistants were to be paid out of
the British revenues. So far, they were paid out of the Indian revenues.
 A High Commissioner for India at London was appointed. The most important defect in
this Act was the division of powers under the system of Dyarchy in the provinces.

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