TNPSC Geography Free Notes – Major Crops Cultivated in India

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Major Crops Cultivated in India

 Food crops (Wheat, Maize, Rice, Millets, Pulses etc.).
 Cash crops (Sugarcane, Tobacco, Cotton, Jute, Oilseeds etc.).
 Plantation crops (Tea, Coffee and Rubber).
 Horticulture crops (Fruits, Flowers and Vegetables).
Food Crops
Rice
 Rice is an indigenous crop.
 India is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.
 It is mainly a tropical crop, growing mainly with mean temperatures of 24°C and annual
rainfall of 150 cm.
 Deep fertile clayey or loamy soils are suited well for rice cultivation.

Wheat
 Wheat is the second most important food crop of the country, after rice.
 It accounts for 22 percent of the total area and 34 percent of the total production of
food grains in the country.
 It requires 10-15°C at the time of sowing and 20-25°C at the time of ripening of grains.
Jowar
 Jowar is the third important food crop of our country.
 It is an indigenous plant of Africa.
 The plant has a tendency to grow in adverse climatic conditions.
Bajra
 Bajra is an indigenous plant of Africa.
 This forms the staple food for poor people.
 Its stalks are used as fodder for cattle and for thatching roofs.
Barley
 Barley is one of the important cereals of our country. Besides, being poor man’s diet, it
is used for making barley water, beer and whiskey.
Pulses
 Pulses include a large number of crops which are mostly leguminous and rich in
vegetable protein.
 India is the largest producer of pulses.
Cash Crops
Sugarcane
 India is the second largest producer in the world.
 India is ranked third in sugar production in the world after Cuba and Brazil.
 At the state level, Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer of sugarcane
Cotton
 It provides raw material to the largest industry of India.
 India ranks second next to China in the production of cotton.
Jute

 It is a tropical fibre crops, grows well in the alluvial soil
 West Bengal is the leading state both in cultivation and production of jute.
Oil Seeds
 Oil seeds, the premier source of fat in the Indian diet .
 Gujarat is India’s largest oilseeds producing state.
 In groundnut production, India is the second largest producer in the world after China.
Plantation Crops
Tea
 Tea is an evergreen plant that mainly grows in tropical and subtropical climates.
 Two major varieties of tea are cultivated in India.
 They are i) Bohea originated from China and ii) Assamica from India.
Coffee
 Coffee is grown in shade.
 India is the 7th largest producer of coffee globally.
 Karnataka is the leading producer of coffee in India.
Rubber
 Rubber plantations were first established in Kerala in 1902.
 It needs hot and wet climatic conditions (temperature above 20°C and rainfall above
300cm).
Spices
Kerala is the leading producer of spices in India.
Horticulture Crops
 It refers to the cultivation of fruits, flowers and vegetables.
 India is in the second position in the production of fruits and vegetables
Livestock
 Livestock is an integral component of the farming system in India.
 Livestock sector contributes approximately 4 percent of national GDP and 25.6 percent
to agriculture GDP.
 First Livestock Census in India was conducted with the title of Dairy Cattle Census in
1919.

 Following this, the 19th Livestock census was conducted in October 2012 and it takes
place at every five years.
Cattle
 Cattle constitute 37.3 percent of livestock population in India.
 India has second largest cattle population after Brazil at World level.
Goats
 The goat is the poor man’s cow providing milk, meat, skin and hair.
 It is the main source of meat for the country.
 Rajasthan records first with 16 percent followed by Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
Buffaloes
Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of buffaloes (28.2%) followed by Rajasthan
(9.6%) and Andhra Pradesh (7.9%).
Dairy, Meat and Wool Production
 The total production of milk in our nation is 163.7 million tonnes.
 The leading producer was Uttar Pradesh followed by Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh in
total milk production.
 Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer in meat production.
 The leading state in the wool production is Rajasthan
Fisheries
It produces about 3 percent of World’s fish and occupies second place among the fish
producing nations of the world after China.
1. Marine or Sea Fisheries:
Kerala leads in the marine fish production in India.
2. Inland or Fresh Water Fisheries
About 50 percent of the country’s total fish production comes from the inland fisheries and
Andhra Pradesh is the leading producer in India.
List of important Agricultural Revolutions in India
Revolution Related Product
Yellow Revolution Oil seed Production (Especially Mustard and Sunflower)
Blue Revolution Fish Production
Brown Revolution Leather / Cocoa / Non-Conventional Products
Golden Fibre Revolution Jute Production

Golden Revolution Fruits / Honey Production / Horticulture Development
Grey Revolution Fertilizers
Pink Revolution Onion Production / Pharmaceuticals / Prawn Production
Evergreen Revolution Overall Production of Agriculture
Silver Revolution Egg Production / Poultry Production
Silver Fibre Revolution Cotton
Red Revolution Meat Production / Tomato Production
Round Revolution Potato
Green Revolution Food Grains
White Revolution Milk Production

**************************************************************************