TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes -August Offer

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

August Offer

 In the middle of 1940s, the war situation become worse. So British needed the support
of Indians
 Hence, Viceroy Linlithgow on August 8, 1940 released an offer known as August Offer.
Salient Features of the August Offer
 Dominion status to India at some unspecified future.
 Right to draft a constitution at some future date after the war.
 Expansion of the Viceroy’s Council or the Executive Council to accommodate more
Indians.
 Setting up a War Advisory Council with Indians in it.
 Recognition of the rights of the minority.
Benefits of the August Offer
 Indeed a definite advance.
 Free & equal partnership.
 Rights of Indians to have their own constitution.
 The promise of Dominion status and a War Advisory Committee.
Defects of the August Offer
 Dominion status – time limit
 Constituent Assembly or conference
 Dominion status was an eye wash
Congress and the Muslim League Response
 The Congress rejected the August Offer.

 Gandhi said that the declaration had widened the gulf between the nationalists and the
British rulers.
 The Muslim League welcomed the veto assurance given to the League and reiterated its
position that partition was the only solution to the deadlock.
 July 1941, the Viceroy’s executive council was enlarged to give the Indians a majority of
8 out of 12 for the first time.
Individual Satyagraha
Introduction
 The Government had taken the adamant position that no constitutional advance could
be made till the Congress came to an agreement with the Muslim leaders.
 Towards the end of 1940, the Congress once again asked Gandhi to take command.
 He decided to initiate a limited satyagraha on an individual basis by a few selected
individuals in every locality.
Aims of launching individual satyagraha
 To show that nationalist patience was not due to weakness.
 To express people’s feeling that they were not interested in the war.
 To give another opportunity to the Government to accept Congress’ demands
peacefully.
The demands of satyagrahi
 The freedom of speech against the war through an anti-war declaration.
 The Government did not arrest the satyagrahi, he or she would not only repeat it but
move into villages and start a march towards Delhi, a movement which came to be
known as the ‘Delhi Chalo Movement’.
Individual Satyagraha
 August 8, 1940 – Viceroy Linlithgow made an offer in return for Congress support for the
war effort, which came to be known as the ‘August Offer’.
 Objective of August Offer –
 representative Indian body would be set up to frame a constitution for India.
 The offer of dominion status, but it was not acceptable to the Congress.
 Gandhi declared limited satyagraha which would be offered by a few individuals known
as individual satyagraha.

 October 17, 1940—individual satyagraha started.
 Vinobha Bhave — First individual satyagrahi, offering Satyagraha near his Paunar
ashram in Maharashtra and he was sentenced to three months imprisonment.
 Jawaharlal Nehru was the second Satyagrahi and imprisoned for four months.
 Gandhi suspended the Satyagraha in December 1940.
 It was revived with some changes and groups offered satyagrahas from January 1941
and was eventually withdrawn in August 1941.
 During this period more than 25,000 people were arrested.

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