TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Bhagat Singh

Bhagat Singh’s Background

 28 September 1907 – Born in Jaranwala, Lyallpur district, Punjab, now a part of Pakistan.
 Father – Kishan Singh
 Mother – Vidyavati Kaur
 The Jallianwala Bagh massacre happened when Bhagat Singh was 14 years.
 Early in his youth, he was associated with the Naujawan Bharat Sabha and the
Hindustan Republican Association.

Naujawan Bharat Sabha
 1926 –Naujawan Bharat Sabha was established in Punjab with the help of Bhaghat singh
 Hindu, Muslim and Sikhs are the major members of this sabha. But it does not get
widespread support.
 It was banned in 1929 under the section 144
 Sohan Singh Josh – Meerut Conspiracy Case

Hindustan Republican Association
 Hindustan Republican Association was founded by Sachin Sanyal and Jogesh Chatterji.
 September 1928 – The Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (H.S.R.A) by Bhagat
Singh and his comrades.
 Socialist ideals and the October Revolution in Russia of 1917 were large influences on
these revolutionaries.
 Bhagat Singh was one of the leaders of the H.S.R.A along with Chandrashekhar Azad,
Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar.

Kakori case
 It was at this juncture Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekar Azad, Rajguru and Sukhdev emerged
on the scene. The Naujawan Bharat Sabha, Hindustan Republican Association were
started and thousands of youngmen and women became active anti-colonialists and
revolutionaries. Youth and student conferences were organized all over the country.
 Ramprasad Bismil and Ashfaq-ullah were convicted to death and 17 others were
sentenced to long term imprisonment in the Kakori conspiracy case.
 Meanwhile, Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekar Azad and Rajguru, enraged at the police
brutality and death of Lajpat Rai, killed Saunders, the British police officer who led the
lathi charge at Lahore.
 Bhagat Singh and Batukeswar Dutt threw a bomb into the central Assembly hall on 8
April 1929. In 1929 the Meerut conspiracy case was filed and three dozen communist
leaders were sentenced to long spells of jail terms.
Bhagat Singh’s Bomb Throwing

The image that comes to our mind at the very mention of Bhagat Singh’s name is that of the
bomb he threw in the Central Legislative Assembly on April 8, 1929. The bombs did not kill
anybody. It was intended as a demonstrative action, an act of protest against the draconian
laws of the British. They chose the day on which the Trade Disputes Bill, an anti-labour
legislation was introduced in the assembly.
Bhagat Singh & Conspiracy Cases
Central assembly Bomb case
 April 8, 1929 – The bomb he threw in the Central Legislative Assembly by Bhagat Singh
and B.K. Dutt
 The bombs did not kill anybody. It was intended as a demonstrative action, an act of
protest against the draconian laws of the British.
 They chose the day on which the Trade Disputes Bill an anti-labour legislation was
introduced in the assembly.
Lahore Conspiracy case
 Bhagat Singh along with Rajguru, Sukhdev, Jatindra Nath Das and 21 others were
arrested and tried for the murder of Saunders, the case was known as the Second
Lahore Conspiracy Case.
 After 64 days of hunger strike against the discriminatory practices and poor conditions
in jail, Jatindra Nath Das died in the jail.
 The verdict in the bomb throwing case had been suspended until the trial of Lahore
conspiracy trials was over.
 7 October 1930 – Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were sentenced to death.
 A letter from them to the Governor of Punjab shows their courage and their optimism
over the future of India even while facing death for the cause of freedom of their
country.
 It says, ‘the days of capitalism and imperialism are numbered. The war neither began
with us nor is going to end with our lives
 March 23, 1931 – Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were hanged early in the morning
of the Lahore Jail.
 The gallows with courage, shouting Inquilab Zindabad and Down with British
Imperialism until their last breath