TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes – Impact of First World War

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Impact of First World War

Introduction
 The First World War had a major impact on the freedom movement.
 Initially, the British didn’t care for Indian support. Once the war moved to West Asia and
Africa the British were forced to look for Indian support
 The First World War provided the objective conditions for the revolutionary activity in
India.
 The revolutionaries wanted to make use of Britain’s difficulty during the War to their
advantage. The Ghadar Movement and Revolutionary groups are the was outcomes.
Ghadar party
 Lala Hardayal, was settled in San Francisco.
 Founded Pacific Coast Hindustan Association in 1913,
 Sohan Singh Bhakna – President of Pacific Coast Hindustan Association.
 Pacific Coast Hindustan Association organization was popularly called Ghadar Party.
(‘Ghadar’ means rebellion in Urdu.)
 The members of this party were largely immigrant Sikhs of US and Canada. The party
published a journal called Ghadar.
 It began publication from San Francisco on November 1, 1913. Later it was published in
Urdu, Punjabi, Hindi and other languages.
 A ship named Komagatamaru, filled with Indian immigrants was turned back from
Canada.
 As the ship returned to India several of its passengers were killed or arrested in a clash
with the British police.

 This incident left a deep mark on the Indian nationalist movement.
Revolutionary groups
 The revolutionary movements constituted an important landmark in India’s freedom
struggle.
 It began in the end of the nineteenth century and gained its momentum from the time
of the partition of Bengal.
 The revolutionaries were the first to demand complete freedom.
 Maharashtra, Bengal, Punjab were the major centres of revolutionary activity.
 Madras presidency was also an active ground of the revolutionary activity.
 The government adopted many measures to crush the growing nationalist movement.
 1903 – Lord Curzon created the Criminal Intelligence Department (CID) to secretly collect
information on the activities of nationalists.
 1908 – The Newspapers (Incitement to Offences) Act
 1908 – The Explosives Substances Act
 1910 – The Indian Press Act
 1911 – The Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act were passed.
 The British suspected that some Indian nationalists were in contact with revolutionaries
abroad. So the Foreigners Ordinance was promulgated in 1914 which restricted the
entry of foreigners.
 A majority of these legislations were passed in order to break the base of the
revolutionary movements.
 The colonial state also resorted to banning meetings, printing and circulation of
seditious materials for propaganda, and by detaining the suspects.
The Defence of India Act, 1915
 Also referred to as the Defence of India Regulations Act.
 It was an emergency criminal law enacted with the intention of curtailing the nationalist
and revolutionary activities during the First World War.
 The Act allowed suspects to be tried by special tribunals each consisting of three
Commissioners appointed by the Local Government.
 The act empowered the tribunal to inflict sentences of death, transportation for life, and
imprisonment of up to ten years for the violation of rules or orders framed under the
act.
 The trail was to be in camera and the decisions were not subject to appeal.
 The act was later applied during the First Lahore Conspiracy trial.
 This Act, after the end of First World War, formed the basis of the Rowlatt Act.

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