TNPSC Indian National Movement (INM) Free Notes – Indian National Congress – Extremism

இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான  முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.

Indian National Congress – Extremism

Introduction 

• The period from 1905 was known as the era of extremism in the Indian National movement. 
• The extremists or the aggressive nationalists believed that success could be achieved through bold means. 

Causes for the rise of Extremism

• The failure of the Moderates to win any notable success other than the expansion of the legislative councils by the Indian Councils Act (1892).
• The famine and plague of 1896-97 which affected the whole country and the suffering of the masses.
• The economic conditions of the people became worse.
• The ill-treatment of Indians in South Africa on the basis of colour of skin.
• The Russo-Japanese war of 1904-05 in which Japan defeated the European power Russia. This encouraged Indians to fight against the European nation, Britain.
• The immediate cause for the rise of extremism was the reactionary rule of Lord Curzon:

• • 1899-   Calcutta Corporation Act, reducing the Indian control of  local body.
  • 1904- The Universities Act reduced the elected members in the University bodies. It also reduced the autonomy of the universities and made them government departments.
  • The Sedition Act and the Official Secrets Act reduced the freedoms of all people.

• His worst measure was the Partition of Bengal (1905). 

Objective of Extremists

To attain swaraj or complete independence and not just Self-Government

Methods of the Extremists

• • Spirit of self reliance and self- determination.
  • Not cooperating with the British Government by boycotting government courts, schools and colleges.
  • Promotion of Swadeshi and boycott of foreign goods.

• Introduction and promotion of national education.

Important Extremist Leaders

• Lala Lajpat Rai, 
• Bal Gangadhar Tilak, 
• Bipin Chandra Pal and
• Aurobindo Ghosh.

Lala Lajput Rai 

• Popularly known as the Lion of Punjab or Punjab Kesari

• He played an important role in the Swadeshi Movement.

• He founded the Indian Home Rule League in the US in 1916.

• He was deported to Mandalay on the ground of sedition. He received fatal injuries while leading a procession against the Simon Commission.
•  Died on November 17,1928.
• Book – Unhappy India  

Bal Gangadhar Tilak

• Real founder of the popular anti-British movement in India. 
• He was known as ‘Lokamanya’. 
• He was called as Father of Indian unrest by Valentine Cerione
• Started two weeklies – The Mahratta (English) and the Kesari(Marathi).
• He was jailed twice by the British for his nationalist activities
•  27 July 1897, Tilak was arrested and charged under Section 124 A of the Indian Penal Code. 
• 1908 – Deported to Mandalay for six years. 
• 1916 – Set up the Home Rule League at Poona and declared “Swaraj is my birthright and I will have it.”
• Book – Geeta Rahasiya wrote while he was in jail. 

Bipan Chandra Pal

• He was a moderate and turned an extremist.
• He played an important role in the Swadeshi Movement. 
• He preached nationalism through the nook and corner of Indian by his powerful speeches and writings.

Aurobindo Ghosh

• He actively participated in the Swadeshi Movement. 
• He was also imprisoned. After his release he settled in the French territory of Pondicherry and concentrated on spiritual activities.

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