இந்தக் கட்டுரையில், TNPSC குரூப் 1, குரூப் 2, குரூப் 2A, குரூப் 4 மாநிலப் போட்டித் தேர்வுகளான TNUSRB, TRB, TET, TNEB போன்றவற்றுக்கான முறைகள் இலவசக் குறிப்புகளைப் பெறுவீர்கள்.தேர்வுக்கு தயாராவோர் இங்குள்ள பாடக்குறிப்புகளை படித்து பயன்பெற வாழ்த்துகிறோம்.
Industrial Development in India
Introduction
An important landmark in the establishment of industries in India was the expansion of
the railways system in India.
April 16, 1853 – The first passenger train ran by connecting Bori Bunder in Bombay with
Thane for 34 Kms.
By the first decade of the twentieth century, Railways was the biggest engineering
industry in India.
This British-managed industry, run by railway companies, employed 98,723 persons in
1911.
The advent of railways and other means of transport and communication facilities
helped the development of various industries.
Jute Industry
Jute industry was another that picked up in India in the late nineteenth and early
twentieth century.
1855- The first jute mill was founded in Calcutta.
The growth of jute industry was so rapid.
By 1914- Totally 64 jute mills in Calcutta Presidency.
However, unlike the Bombay textile industry, these mills were owned by Europeans.
Though the industrial development in the nineteenth century was mainly confined to
very limited sectors like cotton, jute, etc.,
Coal and Steel Industry
1843 – The Bengal Coal Company was set in Raiganj by Dwarakanath Tagore
(1794–1847), grandfather of Rabindranath Tagore.
The coal industry picked up after 1892 and its growth peaked during First World War
years.
It was in the early twentieth century, industries in India began to diversify.
1875 – The Bengal Iron Company was founded as attempt by a group of Europeans.
1889 – The Bengal Iron and Steel Company were set up.
1907 – The first major steel industry, Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was set up by
the Tatas as a part of swadeshi effort in Sakchi, Bihar.
TISCO made a huge headway than the other endeavourers in this sector. Its production
increased from 31,000 tons in 1912–13 to 1, 81,000 tons in 1917–18.
First World War & Indian Industries
The First World War gave a landmark break to the industrialisation of the country.
For the first time, Britain’s strategic position in the East was challenged by Japan.
The traditional trade routes were vulnerable to attack.
To meet the requirements, development of industries in India became necessary.
Hence, Britain loosened its grip and granted some concessions to the Indian capitalists.
1916 – An industrial commission was appointed for the first time.
During the war-period, the cotton and jute industries showed much growth.
Steel industry was yet another sector marked by substantial growth.
Other Industrial Development
Other industries like paper, chemicals, cement, fertilisers, tanning, etc were showing
progress.
1882, Couper Paper Mill – The first Indian owned paper mill was set up in Lucknow.
Following this, Itaghur Paper Mill and Bengal Paper Mill were established both owned by
Europeans.
1904 – Cement manufacturing began in Madras with the establishment of South Indian
Industries Ltd.
Tanning industry began in the late nineteenth century.
1860 – A government leather factory was set up in Kanpur.
1905 – The first Indian-owned National Tannery was established in Calcutta.
The gold mining in Kolar also started in the late nineteenth century in the Kolar mining
field, Mysore.
Inter-war Period
The inter-war period registered growth in manufacturing industries.
The growth rate was far better than Britain and even better than the world average.
After a short slug in 1923–24, the output of textile industry began to pick up.
During the interwar period, the number of looms and spindles increased considerably.
In 1929–30 – 44 per cent of the total amount of cotton piece goods consumed in India
came from outside, but by 1933–34, after the Great Depression, the proportion had
fallen to 20.5 percent.
Other two industries which registered impressive growth were sugar and cement.
The Interwar years saw a growth in the shipping industry also.
The Scindia Steam Navigation Company Limited (1919) was the pioneer.
In 1939, they even took over the Bombay Steam Navigation Company Ltd., a British
concern.
Eight Indian concerns were operational in this sector. A new phase of production began
with the Second World War, which led to the extension of manufacturing industries to
machineries, aircrafts, locomotives, and so on.
Father of Indian Modern Industry- J. N. Tata
Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata, popularly known as J. N. Tata (1839– 1904), came from a
Parsi (Zoroastrian) business family in Navsari, Baroda.
The first successful Indian entrepreneur, he is called the father of the Indian modern
industry.
1868 – His trading company established evolved into the Tata Group
A nationalist, he called one of the mills established in Kurla, Bombay “Swadeshi”.
His children Dorabji Tata and Ratanji Tata followed his dream.
Dorabji Tata who finally realised the long term dream of his father to establish an iron
and steel company in 1907.
His enthusiasm was such that he spent two years in US to learn from the American Iron
Industrialists.
His yet another dream to set up a hydroelectric company did not materialize during his
life time.
However, the first major Hydroelectric project – Tata Hydroelectric Company–was set
up in 1910.
With great foresight the Tatas founded the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore.
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