Difference between NITI Aayog and Planning Commission

NITI Aayog is also responsible for fostering cooperative federalism through the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach.

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What is NITI Aayog?

NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog serves as the apex public policy think tank of the Government of India, and the nodal agency tasked with catalyzing economic development.
NITI Aayog is also responsible for fostering cooperative federalism through the involvement of State Governments of India in the economic policy-making process using a bottom-up approach.
It was established in 2015 to replace the Planning Commission which followed a top-down model.
NITI Aayog members: Prime Minister as the Chairperson, Vice chairman, Ex-officio members, Special invitees, Full-time members, Chief Executive Officer and Governing council.
- Governing Council consists of Chief Ministers of all the States and Union territories with Legislatures and lieutenant governors of Union Territories (except Delhi and Puducherry).

Difference between NITI Aayog and Planning Commission

Principles	NITI Aayog	PC
Approach	Bottom up	Top down
Finance	Only think tank	Did financing too
States	Cooperative federalism and competitive federalism, release indices (E.g.: Composite water management index)	Only representation of states, that too not in Planning Commission
Schemes implementation	Flexible. Eg- Aspirational Districts programme	One size fits all approach
Planning	Only macro level. Micro level left to states	Both macro and micro level
Structure	Less permanent members. Everyone expert in their own field. E.g.: Vivek Debroy, economist; V K Saraswat, DRDO chairman	More permanent members
design	National agenda and cooperative federalism	Five Year Plans

NITI Aayog objectives

To achieve SDG and enhance cooperative federalism.
evolve shared vision of national development.
design long term policy and program framework and initiatives
focus on tech upgradation and capacity building.
monitor and evaluate implementation of programs.
create a knowledge, innovation and entrepreneurial system.

NITI Aayog achievements

For Innovations: Atal Innovation Mission, Atal tinkering labs etc.
Agriculture: Modern land leasing law, suggests to make farmers agripreneurs in its Strategy for New India@75
Education, Health and water management: SATH-E, Composite Water Management Index
Left wing extremism states: Aspirational districts program.

NITI Aayog issues

The Aayog has been criticized by many for showing bias nature in favour of govt.
Don’t have the capacity to independently evaluate Govt programme.
Many Chief Ministers, in the past has refused to meet the Aayog as it has no power to grant money.
Bibek Debroy, one of the permanent member of NITI, has himself criticized the body for not having clear functions.
Being an extra-constitutional body, it is similar to Planning Commission as both are not accountable to Parliament.

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