Global Innovation Index 2021

Global Innovation Index- Relevance for UPSC Exam

• GS Paper 2: Science and Technology- Awareness in the fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology, bio-technology, and issues relating to intellectual property rights.

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Global Innovation Index- Context

• Recently, the World Intellectual Property Organization released its annual Global Innovation Index 2021 rankings.
• While tracking the most recent global innovation trends in the new Global Innovation Tracker, this edition also focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on innovation.

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Global Innovation Index 2021- Key Findings

• The 2021 edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) presents the latest global innovation ranking of 132 economies, relying on 81 different indicators.
• Top Performers: The world’s most innovative economy in 2021 is Switzerland followed by Sweden, the United States of America (U.S.), the United Kingdom (U.K.), and Republic of Korea.
• Introduced the ‘Global Innovation Tracker’: It is a new feature of the Global Innovation Index 2021 that captures key innovation trends.
  • It uses a set of indicators identified in the three stages of the innovation journey-
    1. Science and innovations investments
    2. Technological Progress
    3. Socio-economic Impact
  • India’s Performance: India has climbed two spots and has been ranked 46^th in the Global Innovation Index (GII) 2021 rankings.
    • India has shot up from a rank of 81 in 2015 to 46 in 2021.
    • Positives: India performed better in innovation outputs (45^th) than innovation inputs (47^th) in 2021.
    • Among Middle-Income Peers: India ranks 2nd among the 34 lower-middle-income group economies.
    • Among Central and Southern Asia: India ranks 1st among the 10 economies in Central and Southern Asia.

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Global Innovation Index- Key Points

• About: The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an annual ranking of countries as per their capacity and success in the domain of innovation.
  • It was started in 2007 by INSEAD in collaboration with World Business, a British magazine.
• Publishing Organizations: It is published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual Property Organization, in partnership with other organizations and institutions.
• Indicators used to measure performance: It uses around 80 indicators grouped into innovation inputs and outputs. For example-
  • Innovation inputs: Institutions; Human capital and research; Infrastructure; Market sophistication; Business sophistication.
  • Innovation outputs: Knowledge and technology outputs; Creative outputs

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