Sl. No. | Name of the Hotspot | Location |
1. | Tropical Andes | South America |
2. | Tumbes-Choco-Magdalena | South America |
3. | Madrean Pine–Oak Woodlands | North and Central America |
4. | Cerrado | South America |
5. | Chilean Winter Rainfall and Valdivian Forests | South America |
6. | Atlantic Forest | South America |
7. | Mesoamerica | North and Central America |
8. | Caribbean Islands | North and Central America |
9. | California Floristic Province | North and Central America |
10. | Guinean Forests of West Africa | Africa |
11. | Cape Floristic Region | Africa |
12. | Succulent Karoo | Africa |
13. | Maputaland–Pondoland–Albany | Africa |
14. | Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa | Africa |
15. | Eastern Afromontane | Africa |
16. | Horn of Africa | Africa |
17. | Madagascar and the Indian Ocean Islands | Africa |
18 | Mediterranean Basin | Europe and Central Asia |
19. | Caucasus | Europe and Central Asia |
20. | Irano-Anatolian | Europe and Central Asia |
21. | Mountains of Central Asia | Europe and Central Asia |
22. | Western Ghats and Sri Lanka | South Asia |
23. | Himalaya | South Asia |
24. | Mountains of Southwest China | East Asia |
25. | Indo-Burma | South Asia |
26. | Sundaland | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
27. | Wallacea | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
28. | Philippines | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
29. | Japan | East Asia |
30. | Southwest Australia | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
31. | East Melanesian Islands | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
32. | New Zealand | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
33. | New Caledonia | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
34. | Polynesia–Micronesia | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
35. | Forests of East Australia | Southeast Asia and Asia-Pacific |
36. | North American Coastal Plain | North and Central America |
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The term ‘biodiversity hotspot’ was first coined by Norman Myers (1988).
He recognised 10 tropical forests as “hotspots” according to the level of plant endemism and high level of habitat loss. It, however, did not had any quantitative criteria for designating a region ecological hotspot.
Two years later, he added eight more hotspots, which increased the number of hotspots in the world increased to 18.
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