Municipal Corporations in India
Municipal Corporations in India: In India, the Municipal Corporation serves as the urban local government responsible for overseeing the development and administration of Metropolitan Cities with populations exceeding one million people. It is known by various names such as Mahanagar Palika, Nagar Palika, Nagar Nigam, and City Corporation. The Municipal Corporation in India plays a vital role in managing the affairs of these large urban centers and ensuring their growth and well-being.
First Municipal Corporations in India: In 2011, the government put forth a proposal to divide the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) into three separate entities to enhance operational efficiency. Subsequently, the Ministry of Home Affairs approved the proposal in November 2011. In response, the Delhi government held a special assembly session and passed the Delhi Municipal Corporation (Amendment) Bill in December 2011.
The official notification for the trifurcation was issued in January 2012, leading to the establishment of North, South, and East Delhi municipal bodies. The first two bodies, North and South Delhi, were allocated 104 wards each, while the East Delhi body received 64 wards. This division aimed to streamline governance and administration in the respective regions of the capital city.
– This share was low compared to many other countries and it also declined over time.
In the original Constitution of India, there was no specific provision for the establishment of local self-government, except for Article 40 in the Directive Principles of State Policy, which emphasized the need for organizing village panchayats and endowing them with necessary powers.
However, the 74th Amendment Act of 1992 brought significant changes by inserting a new Part IX-A into the Constitution. This part focuses on the administration of Municipalities and Nagar Palikas, and it comprises Articles 243P to 243ZG.
The 74th Amendment Act also introduced a new twelfth schedule to the Constitution, consisting of 18 items. This schedule enumerates various functional areas that are within the purview of Municipalities to provide effective governance and public services at the local level.
Municipal corporations in India are a local form of government in Urban Areas. Municipal corporations were established under the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act. Municipal corporations are also important for UPSC Prelims 2023 and UPSC Mains Exam (GS Paper 2- Local Government in India).
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Municipal bodies in India were established under 74th Constitutional Amendment Act.
Over 70% was spent on revenue expenditures such as salaries/wages/bonus (25%), operational and maintenance charges (16.2%), pensions (7.4%), etc., while less than 30% was capital expenditure.
Municipal Corporations in India are urban local government bodies responsible for overseeing the development and administration of metropolitan cities with populations exceeding one million people. They are also known by various names such as Mahanagar Palika, Nagar Palika, Nagar Nigam, and City Corporation.
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