UPSC NEWS DIARY FOR TODAY 22 JULY, 2022 | DAY LONG CURRENT AFFAIRS DIGEST FOR UPSC

”UPSC News Diary For Today” is every day published in the evening between 6-7 PM and contains all current affairs articles from the day on a single platform. ”UPSC News Diary For Today” covers various topics from UPSC Syllabus and is very helpful and time managing for UPSC Aspirants. The framing of this daily current affairs compilation article is easy to read and understandable also.

In the ”UPSC News Diary For Today” article, we focus on both UPSC Preliminary and Mains exam-oriented current affairs & prepare a gist of daily important news articles from leading National Newspapers, PIB, and other various official sources.

Pegasus Spyware

What is Pegasus?

• Pegasus aka Q Suite, marketed by the NSO Group aka Q Cyber Technologies as “a world-leading cyber intelligence solution that enables law enforcement and intelligence agencies to remotely and covertly extract” data “from virtually any mobile devices”, was developed by veterans of Israeli intelligence agencies.

What kind of devices are vulnerable?

• All devices, practically. iPhones have been widely targeted with Pegasus through Apple’s default iMessage app and the Push Notification Service (APNs) protocol upon which it is based.
• The spyware can impersonate an application downloaded to an iPhone and transmit itself as push notifications via Apple’s servers.

PJ Nayak Committee

• The Committee to Review Governance of Boards of Banks in India was constituted by the RBI Governor on 20th January, 2014 under the chairmanship of PJ Nayak
• The Committee submitted its report in May 2014 and in total held five meetings, commencing 18th February, 2014

Objectives Of the PJ Nayak Committee

1. To review the regulatory compliance requirements of banks’ boards in India, to judge what can be rationalised and where requirements need to be enhanced.
2. To examine the working of Banks Board Bureau and if time is devoted to issues of strategy, growth, governance and risk management.
3. To review central bank regulatory guidelines on bank ownership, ownership concentration and representation in the board.
4. To analyse the representation on bank boards to see whether the boards have the appropriate mix of capabilities and the necessary independence to govern the institution.
5. To examine board compensation guidelines.
6. Any other issue relevant to the functioning of the banks’ boards and the governance they exercise.

Kali Bein

What is the Kali Bein?

• The 165-km rivulet starts from Hoshiarpur, runs across four districts and meets the confluence of the rivers Beas and Sutlej in Kapurthala.
• The Kali Bein is of great significance to Sikh religion and history, because the first Guru, Nanak Dev, is said to have got enlightenment here. When Guru Nanak Dev was staying at Sultanpur Lodhi with his sister Bebe Nanki, he would bathe in the Kali Bein. He is said to have disappeared into the waters one day, before emerging on the third day. The first thing he recited was the “Mool Mantra” of the Sikh religion

Draupadi Murmu: 15th President of India

15th President of India: Draupadi Murmu, a tribal leader and former Jharkhand Governor, has been elected as the 15th President of India. The presidential election results were announced on 21st July 2022. With this, Draupadi Murmu has become the 2nd women President of India and the first tribal woman President of India. The BJP nominated Draupadi Murmu as the National Democratic Alliance’s candidate for President of India for the 2022 election in June 2022. As part of her presidential campaign for 2022, she visited various States to see support for her candidature from BJP lawmakers and other opposition parties. As a part of a campaign, she visited not Eastern states the JMM party of Jharkhand, BJD of Odisha, Shivsena of Maharashtra, BSP of Uttar Pradesh, JDS of Karnataka, and many other prominent opposition parties.

Draupadi Murmu – Biography

Draupadi Murmu – Personal Life

Draupadi Murmu was born in a Santal tribal family on June 20, 1958, in Uparbeda village of Mayurbhanj district in Odisha. Both her father, Biranchi Narayan Tudu,  and grandfather were elected as sarpanch under the Panchayati Raj system. Draupadi Murmu married Shyam Charan Murmu, a banker, who died in 2014. The couple had two sons, both of whom are dead, and a daughter. She lost her husband, two sons, mother, and a brother in a span of 7 years, from 2009 to 2015. Spiritually Murmu has been associated with the Brahma Kumaris.

Draupadi Murmu – Education & Teaching Career

Draupadi Murmu is an arts graduate of Rama Devi Women’s College. She was appointed as a junior assistant in the Odisha Irrigation Department after serving as an honorary assistant professor at Shri Aurobindo Integral Education and Research in Rairangpur. Murmu started out as a school teacher before entering state politics. She worked as an assistant professor at the Shri Aurobindo Integral Education and Research Institute, Rairangpur and junior assistant at irrigation department Government of Odisha.

Draupadi Murmu – Political Career

Murmu joined the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in 1997 and was elected as the councillor of the Rairangpur Nagar Panchayat. Murmu became the Chairperson of Rairangpur Nagar Panchayat in 2000. During the BJP and Biju Janata Dal coalition government in Odisha, she was the Minister of State with Independent Charge for Commerce and Transportation from March 6, 2000, to August 6, 2002, and Fisheries and Animal Resources Development from August 6, 2002, to May 16, 2004. Murmu took oath as the Governor of Jharkhand on 18 May 2015, becoming the first woman Governor of Jharkhand. As Governor in 2017, Murmu had refused to give assent to a bill approved by the Jharkhand Legislative Assembly seeking amendments to the Chhotanagpur Tenancy Act, 1908, and the Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act, 1949. The bill sought to give rights to tribals to make commercial use of their land, while ensuring that the ownership of land does not change. Murmu sought an explanation from the Raghubar Das-led BJP government about the changes it would bring for the well-being of tribals.

Election of President of India

• Pre-requisite for the Election of President:
  • The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of President must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders.
  • Every candidate has to make a security deposit of Rs. 15,000 in the RBI, which is liable to be forfeited in case the candidate fails to secure one-sixth of the votes polled.
• Principle of Election for President of India: The election of the President of India is based on the principle of Proportional Representation by means of a single transferable vote.
• Voting Method for the Election of President of India: It is a secret ballot system of voting.
• Electoral College for the Election of President of India: Article 54 states that the President of India shall be elected by the members of an electoral college consisting of-
  • The elected members of both Houses of Parliament; and
  • The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• Note: For the purpose of Article 54 and Article 55, “State” includes the National Capital Territory of Delhi and the Union territory of Pondicherry.
• Resolution of Disputes in Election of President: Any dispute related to the election of the President is taken up by the Supreme Court which has original jurisdiction in this case.
  • In this case, SC’s decision is final.
  • Note: After the election of the President is declared null and void, the acts done by the President in his office remain valid even after his removal.

Who can vote in the Election of President of India?

The President of India is elected by the Members of an Electoral College consisting of-

• From Parliament: The elected members of both Houses of Parliament and
• From State Legislature: The elected members of the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
• From UTs: The elected members of the National Capital Territory of Delhi and the Union Territory of Puducherry vide the Constitution (Seventieth Amendment) Act, 1992.

Who can’t vote in the Presidential Election 2022?

The following group of people is not part of the electoral college responsible for electing the President of India:

• From Parliament: Nominated Members of Lok Sabha (2) and Rajya Sabha (12)
• From State Legislatures: Nominated Members of State Legislative Assemblies
  • Members of Legislative Councils (Both elected and nominated) in bicameral legislatures
• From UTs: Nominated Members of union territories of Delhi and Puducherry.

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